NDLI: Chemical composition, sources, and deposition fluxes of water-soluble inorganic ions obtained from precipitation chemistry measurements collected at an urban site in northwest China

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Shen, Zhenxing Zhang, Leiming Cao, Junji Tian, Jing Liu, Li Wang, Geihui Zhao, Zhuzi Wang, Xin Zhang, Renjian Liu, Suixin
Spatial Coverage	China
Description	Country affiliation: China Author Affiliation: Shen Z ( Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. zxshen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn)
Abstract	Precipitation samples were collected at an urban site in Xi'an, northwest China during March to November in 2009 and were then analyzed to determine the pH and concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions $(Na^{+},$ $NH_{4}^{+},$ $K^{+},$ $Mg^{2+},$ $Ca^{2+},$ $SO_{4}^{2−},$ $NO_{3}^{−},$ $Cl^{−},$ and $F^{−})$ in precipitation. The pH of precipitation ranged from 4.1 to 7.6 for all of the samples with an annual volume-weighted mean of 6.4. While a large portion of the precipitation events were weakly acidic or alkaline, around 30% of the precipitation events in the autumn were strongly acidic. Precipitation events with air masses from the northeast and the southeast were weakly acidic while those with air masses from the northwest and the southwest were alkaline. $SO_{4}^{2−},$ $Ca^{2+},$ $NH_{4}^{+},$ and $NO_{3}^{−}$ were dominant ions in the precipitation, accounting for 37%, 25%, 18%, and 9%, respectively, of the total analyzed ions. $Ca^{2+}$ and $NH_{4}^{+}$ were found to be the major neutralizers of precipitation acidity; however, the contribution of $Mg^{2+},$ although much lower than those of $Ca^{2+}$ and $NH_{4}^{+},$ was important, in many cases, in changing the precipitation from weakly acidic to weakly alkaline. Enrichment factor analysis confirmed that $SO_{4}^{2−}$ and $NO_{3}^{−}$ were produced from anthropogenic sources, $Ca^{2+},$ $K^{+},$ and 80% $Mg^{2+}$ were from crustal sources, and $Na^{+},$ $Cl^{−},$ and ∼20% of $Mg^{2+}$ were from marine sources. The annual wet depositions were estimated to be 3.5 t $km^{−2}$ per year for sulfur; 2.3 t $km^{−2}$ per year for nitrogen, of which 0.8 t $km^{−2}$ per year was oxidized nitrogen and 1.5 t $km^{−2}$ per year was reduced nitrogen; and 3.0 t $km^{−2}$ per year for $Ca^{2+}.$
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14640325
Issue Number	11
Volume Number	14
e-ISSN	14640333
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Publisher Date	2012-11-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Air Pollutants Analysis Environmental Monitoring Rain Chemistry Air Pollution Statistics & Numerical Data China Cities Hydrogen-ion Concentration Ions Seasons Solubility Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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