NDLI: Morphological selection in an extreme flow environment: body shape and waterfall-climbing success in the Hawaiian stream fish Sicyopterus stimpsoni.

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Morphological selection in an extreme flow environment: body shape and waterfall-climbing success in the Hawaiian stream fish Sicyopterus stimpsoni.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Blob, Richard W. Bridges, William C. Ptacek, Margaret B. Maie, Takashi Cediel, Roberto A. Bertolas, Morgan M. Julius, Matthew L. Schoenfuss, Heiko L.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Blob RW ( *Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA)
Abstract	Flow characteristics are a prominent factor determining body shapes in aquatic organisms, and correlations between body shape and ambient flow regimes have been established for many fish species. In this study, we investigated the potential for a brief period of extreme flow to exert selection on the body shape of juvenile climbing Hawaiian gobiid fishes. Because of an amphidromous life history, juvenile gobies that complete an oceanic larval phase return to freshwater habitats, where they become adults. Returning juveniles often must scale waterfalls (typically with the use of a ventral sucker) in order to reach the habitats they will use as adults, thereby exposing these animals to brief periods of extreme velocities of flow. Hydrodynamic theory predicts that bodies with larger suckers and with lower heights that reduce drag would have improved climbing success and, thus, be well suited to meet the demands of the flows in waterfalls. To test the potential for the flow environment of waterfalls to impose selection that could contribute to differences in body shape between islands, we subjected juvenile Sicyopterus stimpsoni to climbing trials up artificial waterfalls (â¼100 body lengths) and measured differences in body shape between successful and unsuccessful climbers. Waterfalls appear to represent a significant selective barrier to these fishes, as nearly 30% failed our climbing test. However, the effects of selection on morphology were not straightforward, as significant differences in shape between successful and unsuccessful climbers did not always match hydrodynamic predictions. In both selection experiments and in adult fish collected from habitats with different prevailing conditions of flow (the islands of Hawai'i versus Kaua'i), lower head heights were associated with exposure to high-flow regimes, as predicted by hydrodynamic theory. Thus, a premium appears to be placed on the reduction of drag via head morphology throughout the ontogeny of this species. The congruence of phenotypic selection patterns observed in our experiments, with morphological character divergence documented among adult fish from Hawai'i and Kaua'i, suggests that differences in morphology between subpopulations of adult climbing gobies may result, at least in part, from the selective pressures of high-velocity flows encountered by migrating juveniles.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15407063
e-ISSN	15577023
Journal	Integrative and Comparative Biology
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	48
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publisher Date	2008-12-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Zoology Discipline Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science Medicine Animal Science and Zoology

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