NDLI: Nitrous oxide fluxes in estuarine environments: response to global change

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Nitrous oxide fluxes in estuarine environments: response to global change

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Nitrous oxide fluxes in estuarine environments: response to global change

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Murray, Rachel H. Erler, Dirk V. Eyre, Bradley D.
Description	Country affiliation: Australia Author Affiliation: Murray RH ( Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.); Erler DV ( Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.); Eyre BD ( Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.)
Abstract	Nitrous oxide is a powerful, long-lived greenhouse gas, but we know little about the role of estuarine areas in the global $N_{2}O$ budget. This review summarizes 56 studies of $N_{2}O$ fluxes and associated biogeochemical controlling factors in estuarine open waters, salt marshes, mangroves, and intertidal sediments. The majority of in situ $N_{2}O$ production occurs as a result of sediment denitrification, although the water column contributes $N_{2}O$ through nitrification in suspended particles. The most important factors controlling $N_{2}O$ fluxes seem to be dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and oxygen availability, which in turn are affected by tidal cycles, groundwater inputs, and macrophyte density. The heterogeneity of coastal environments leads to a high variability in observations, but on average estuarine open water, intertidal and vegetated environments are sites of a small positive $N_{2}O$ flux to the atmosphere (range 0.15–0.91; median 0.31; Tg $N_{2}O-N yr^{−1}).$ Global changes in macrophyte distribution and anthropogenic nitrogen loading are expected to increase $N_{2}O$ emissions from estuaries. We estimate that a doubling of current median $NO_{3}^{−}$ concentrations would increase the global estuary water–air $N_{2}O$ flux by about 0.45 Tg $N_{2}O-N yr^{−1}$ or about 190%. A loss of 50% of mangrove habitat, being converted to unvegetated intertidal area, would result in a net decrease in $N_{2}O$ emissions of 0.002 Tg $N_{2}O-N$ $yr^{−1}.$ In contrast, conversion of 50% of salt marsh to unvegetated area would result in a net increase of 0.001 Tg $N_{2}O-N$ $yr^{−1}.$ Decreased oxygen concentrations may inhibit production of $N_{2}O$ by nitrification; however, sediment denitrification and the associated ratio of $N_{2}O:N_{2}$ is expected to increase.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	13541013
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	21
e-ISSN	13652486
Journal	Global Change Biology
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-Blackwell
Publisher Date	2015-09-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Biology Alismatidae Metabolism Estuaries Nitrous Oxide Wetlands Denitrification Nitrification Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Review
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change

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