NDLI: DNA-based prediction of human externally visible characteristics in forensics: motivations, scientific challenges, and ethical considerations.

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Year: 2009 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

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DNA-based prediction of human externally visible characteristics in forensics: motivations, scientific challenges, and ethical considerations.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Kayser, Manfred Schneider, Peter M.
Description	Country affiliation: Netherlands Author Affiliation: Kayser M ( Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.kayser@erasmusmc.nl)
Abstract	There will always be criminal cases, where the evidence DNA sample will not match either a suspect's DNA profile, or any in a criminal DNA database. In the absence of DNA-based mass intelligence screenings, including familial searching (both of which may be restricted by legislation), there is only one option to potentially avoid or retrospectively solve 'cold cases': the DNA-based prediction of human externally visible characteristics of an unknown person based on the crime scene sample left behind. Predictive DNA markers are expected to be available for some group-specific appearance traits in the near future; although it is unlikely that we will soon be able to understand the biological complexity of individual-specific appearance. In suspect-less cases reliable DNA-based prediction of broader externally visible characteristics from crime scene samples are expected to reduce the potential pool of suspects by allowing police investigations to concentrate on specific groups of people. Here, we aim to describe the forensic motivations for DNA-based prediction of human externally visible traits as well as the scientific challenges of finding predictive DNA markers, and will discuss examples with promising (e.g. sex, eye color and hair color), as well as less promising expectations (e.g. adult body height), in the foreseen future. Despite the complex ethical and legal implications arising from DNA-based prediction of externally visible characteristics, we argue that their use does not lead to a violation of privacy. We suggest that likelihood-based results, rather than DNA data itself, should be provided to the police for investigative purposes avoiding data protection issues. Furthermore, we note that the risk of exacerbating social pressure on minority groups due to DNA-based prediction of externally visible traits in crime cases may be reduced rather than increased compared to a conventional eyewitness testimony. A firm legal basis will need to be established for the application of these promising qualitative techniques. To gain the attention of legislative bodies, we invite the forensic community to participate in a public discourse of these issues.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	18724973
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	3
e-ISSN	18780326
Journal	Forensic Science International: Genetics
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2009-06-01
Publisher Place	Netherlands
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Forensic Sciences Dna Fingerprinting Ethics Dna Genetics Forensic Genetics Motivation Phenotype Crime Methods Genetic Markers Humans Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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