NDLI: Inactivation of Salmonella in organic soil by cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, Ecotrol, and Sporan.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Yossa, Nadine Patel, Jitendra Millner, Patricia Lo, Martin
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Yossa N ( Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.)
Abstract	Salmonella can survive in soil for months to years; consequently, soil can be a preharvest source of contamination of produce. Elimination of Salmonella with natural products and processes such as essential oils is important to prevent infection among consumers. Essential oils (distilled extract from plants) have been mainly evaluated in liquid medium and foods in which minimum inhibitory concentration is determined. However, there are no reports describing the impact of essential oils in soil, especially organic soil. We evaluated essential oils for controlling Salmonella enterica serovars in organic soil. Two essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol), two bio-pesticides (Ecotrol and Sporan), and an organic acid (20% acetic acid) at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% were mixed with organic sandy soil and inoculated with six different serovars of S. enterica separately. Soils were incubated at room temperature, and samples obtained at 1, 7, and 28 days were enumerated to determine survival. The bactericidal effect of cinnamaldehyde was evident at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% and during all times of incubation. Overall, Salmonella Negev was the most sensitive strain to oils resulting in significant reductions compared with other strains. Increases in oil concentration resulted in further reduction of Salmonella with all oils used in the study. Up to six log reductions in Salmonella serovars Typhimurium, Negev, and Newport were found after 1 day when cinnamaldehyde, Ecotrol, eugenol, Sporan, or acetic acid was used at 2% level. This study shows the potential use of essential oils to effectively reduce Salmonella populations in soil. The significant reduction of Salmonella could greatly reduce potential contamination of fresh organic produce inadvertently contaminated by soil.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15353141
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	8
e-ISSN	15567125
Journal	Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
Language	English
Publisher	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Publisher Date	2011-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Microbiology Discipline Parasitology Discipline Nutritional Sciences Anti-bacterial Agents Pharmacology Oils, Volatile Organic Agriculture Methods Salmonella Enterica Drug Effects Soil Microbiology Acetic Acid Administration & Dosage Acrolein Analogs & Derivatives Colony Count, Microbial Dose-response Relationship, Drug Eugenol Food Microbiology Foodborne Diseases Prevention & Control Microbial Viability Growth & Development Isolation & Purification Species Specificity Time Factors Comparative Study Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology Microbiology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Food Science

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