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Vitamin D insufficiency in diabetic retinopathy.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Payne, John F. Ray, Robin Watson, David G. Delille, Cecile Rimler, Eva Cleveland, Julia Lynn, Michael J. Tangpricha, Vin Srivastava, Sunil K.
Spatial Coverage	Georgia
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Payne JF ( Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery and Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. jfpayne@emory.edu)
Abstract	OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between vitamin D status and diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A clinic-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Overall, 221 patients were classified into 5 groups based on diabetes status and retinopathy findings: no diabetes or ocular disease (n = 47), no diabetes with ocular disease (n = 51), diabetes with no background diabetic retinopathy (n = 41), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 40), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 42). Patients with type 1 diabetes and those taking >1,000 IU of vitamin D daily were excluded from the analyses. Study subjects underwent dilated funduscopic examination and were tested for hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels between December 2009 and March 2010. RESULTS: Among the study groups, there was no statistically significant difference in age, race, sex, or multivitamin use. Patients with diabetes had lower 25(OH)D levels than did those without diabetes (22.9 ng/mL versus 30.3 ng/mL, respectively; P<.001). The mean 25(OH)D levels, stratified by group, were as follows: no diabetes or ocular disease = 31.9 ng/mL; no diabetes with ocular disease = 28.8 ng/mL; no background diabetic retinopathy = 24.3 ng/mL; nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy = 23.6 ng/mL; and PDR = 21.1 ng/mL. Univariate analysis of the 25(OH)D levels demonstrated statistically significant differences on the basis of study groups, race, body mass index, multivitamin use, hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In a multivariate linear regression model with all potential confounders, only multivitamin use remained significant (P<.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that patients with diabetes, especially those with PDR, have lower 25(OH)D levels than those without diabetes.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	1530891X
e-ISSN	19342403
DOI	10.4158/EP11147.OR
Journal	Endocrine Practice
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	18
Language	English
Publisher	American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Publisher Date	2012-03-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Endocrinology 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 Blood Calcifediol Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Complications Diabetic Retinopathy Vitamin D Deficiency Cross-sectional Studies Physiopathology Georgia Epidemiology Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated Hospitals, University Outpatient Clinics, Hospital Severity Of Illness Index Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Endocrinology

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