NDLI: Störungen des Elektrolytstoffwechsels.

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Störungen des Elektrolytstoffwechsels.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Girndt, M.
Description	Author Affiliation: Girndt M ( Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle/Saale. direktor.kimII@medizin.uni-halle.de)
Abstract	Disorders of electrolyte balance are frequent and pathophysiologically complex. Sodium is responsible for a large part of the osmolarity of extracellular fluids. Therefore, pathological concentrations of serum sodium reflect the relation between sodium and water in the extracellular compartment rather than the total body sodium content. The causes of hypo- or hypernatremia can only be deduced if total body volume status is considered. Patients with hyponatremia and volume deficit should receive sodium chloride solution while patients with this disorder in the presence of volume overload need strict water restriction. In certain cases additional specific pharmacotherapy directed at the effects of antidiuretic hormone may be considered. Potassium and calcium are extracellular regulatory ions; their concentrations do not relevantly contribute to osmolarity and water distribution but to electrophysiologically relevant transmembrane potentials. These ions are influenced by active membrane transporters and regulated by several hormones. The rather small extracellular pools are overfilled or depleted by alterations of intake and excretion. In addition, several inborn or acquired defects of transmembrane transporters may severely alter their extracellular concentrations. Therapy needs to consider the specific mechanisms that led to the electrolyte disorder including modification of intake, excretion or extra-intracellular distribution.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	00209554
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	52
e-ISSN	14321289
Journal	Der Internist
Language	German
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2011-08-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Internal Medicine Water-electrolyte Imbalance Physiopathology Acid-base Equilibrium Physiology Body Water Calcium Blood Diagnosis, Differential Humans Hypernatremia Etiology Therapy Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Magnesium Reference Values English Abstract Journal Article Review
Alternative Title	Electrolyte disorders
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Internal Medicine

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