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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Duncan, J. Harvey, K. M. Grant, Y. Clarke, T. R. Barton, E. N. Barrow, G. Gibson, R. C. Abel, W. D. Figueroa, J. P. |
| Spatial Coverage | Jamaica |
| Description | Country affiliation: Jamaica Responsible library: BR1.1 Author Affiliation: Duncan, J ( Ministry of Health. JM); Harvey, KM ( Ministry of Health. JM); Grant, Y ( Ministry of Health. JM); Clarke, TR ( Ministry of Health. JM); Barton, EN ( Ministry of Health. JM); Barrow, G ( Ministry of Health. JM); Gibson, RC ( Ministry of Health. JM); Abel, WD ( Ministry of Health. JM); Figueroa, JP ( Ministry of Health. JM) |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To delineate changes in the epidemiology of HIV including morbidity and mortality patterns based on three key time points in Jamaica s HIV response. METHOD: Surveillance data from Jamaica s HIV/AIDS Tracking system (HATS) were analysed and distribution of cases by age, gender, sexual practice, risk factors and clinical features were determined for three time periods (1988 - 1994: formal establishment of HIV surveillance at the national level; 1995-2003: introduction ofHAART globally; 2004 -June2008: introduction of HAART and HIV rapid testing in Jamaica). Factors that predicted late stage diagnosis (AIDS or AIDS death) were also determined. RESULTS: 22 603 persons with HIV were reported to the Ministry of Health, Jamaica, between 1988 and June 2008. Between the first and last time blocks, the modal age category remained constant (25-49 years) and the proportion of women reported with HIV non-AIDS increased from 32.5% to 61.4% (p < 0.001). However, the male: female ratio for persons reported with AIDS remained at 1.3:1 between 1995 and 2008. Although heterosexual transmission was the most frequent mode of transmission in each time period, sexual behaviour was consistently under-reported (4769 persons or 21% of all cases ever reported). Late stage diagnosis (AIDS or AIDS death) decreased significantly between the first and last time blocks (16% decline, p < 0.0001) with men, older persons and persons with unknown risk history being more likely to be diagnosed at AIDS or AIDS death. CONCLUSION: HIV testing and treatment programmes have improved timely diagnosis and reduced morbidity associated with HIV infection in Jamaica. However, new strategies must be developed to target men and older persons who are often diagnosed at a late stage ofdisease. Surveillance systems must be strengthened to improve understanding ofpersons reported with unknown risk behaviours and unknown sexual practices.(OBJETIVO: Delinear los cambios en la epidemiologia del VIH incluyendo patrones de morbilidad y mortalidad sobre la base de tres momentos claves de la respuesta de Jamaica frente al VIH. MÉTODO: Se analizaron datos de vigilancia del sistema de rastreo epidemiológico del VIH/SIDA (HATS) en Jamaica, y se determinó la distribución de casos por edad, género, práctica sexual, factores de riesgo, y características clinicas en los tres periodos de tiempo siguientes. (1988-1994): Establecimiento formal de vigilancia del VIH a nivel nacional. (1995 - 2003): Introducción de la terapia TARGA a nivel global. (2004 - junio 2008): Introducción de la terapia TARGA y pruebas rápidas de VIH en Jamaica. Asimismo se determinaron los factores que predijeron el diagnóstico en fase tardia (SIDA o muerte por SIDA). RESULTADOS: Entre 1988 y junio de 2008, se reportaron 22 603 personas con VIH al Ministerio de Salud de Jamaica. Entre el primer y el último bloque de tiempo, la categoria modal edad permaneció constante (25-49 anos) y el número de mujeres reportadas con VIH sin SIDA aumentó de 32.5% a 61.4% (p < 0.001). Sin embargo, la proporción varón:hembra entre las personas reportadas con SIDA permaneció en 1.3:1 entre 1995 y 2008. Aunque la transmisión heterosexual fue el modo de transmisión más frecuente en cada periodo del tiempo, los reportes sobre comportamiento sexual fueron persistentemente insuficientes (sólo 4769 personas o 21% de todos los casos reportaron alguna vez). El diagnóstico de fase tardia (SIDA o muerte por SIDA) disminuyó significativamente entre el primer y el último bloque de tiempo (una disminución del 16%, p < 0.0001), con una mayor probabilidad de diagnóstico de SIDA o muerte por SIDA entre los hombres, las personas de más edad y las personas con una historia de riesgo desconocida. CONCLUSIÓN: La prueba de VIHy los programas de tratamiento han mejorado el diagnóstico oportuno y reducido la morbilidad asociada con la infección por VIH en Jamaica. Sin embargo, se hace imprescindible desarrollar nuevas estrategias destinadas a hombres y personas de edad que a menudo reciben el diagnóstico en una etapa avanzada de la enfermedad. Deben fortalecerse los sistemas de vigilancia para mejorar la comprensión de las personas reportadas con conductas de riesgo desconocidas y prácticas sexuales desconocidas.) |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 00433144 |
| e-ISSN | 23095830 |
| Journal | West Indian Medical Journal |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| Volume Number | 59 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | University Of The West Indies |
| Publisher Place | Jamaica |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Medicine Adolescent Hiv Infections Epidemiology Population Surveillance Jamaica Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Comparative Study |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Medicine |
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