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Evaluation of dermal and eye irritation and skin sensitization due to carbon nanotubes.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Ema, Makoto Matsuda, Akitaka Kobayashi, Norihiro Naya, Masato Nakanishi, Junko
Description	Country affiliation: Japan Author Affiliation: Ema M ( Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology-AIST, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan. ema-makoto@aist.go.jp)
Abstract	The present paper summarizes the results of our studies on dermal and eye irritation and skin sensitization due to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), whose potential applications and uses are wide and varied, including CNT-enhanced plastics, electromagnetic interference/radio-frequency (EMI/RFI) shielding, antistatic material, flexible fibers and advanced polymers, medical and health applications, and scanning probe microscopy. Skin and eyes have the highest risk of exposure to nanomaterials, because deposition of nanomaterials to the surficial organs has the potential to be a major route of exposure during the manufacturing, use, and disposal of nanomaterials. Two products composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and two products composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were tested regarding acute dermal and acute eye irritation using rabbits, and skin sensitization using guinea pigs. The concentrations of the CNTs in the substances were the maximum allowable for administration. The two products of SWCNTs and one of the products of MWCNTs were not irritants to the skin or eyes. The other product of MWCNTs caused very slight erythema at 24h, but not at 72h, after patch removal in the dermal irritation experiments and conjunctival redness and blood vessel hyperemia at 1h, but not at 24h, in eye irritation experiments. These findings showed that one product of MWCNTs was a very weak acute irritant to the skin and eyes. No products of SWCNTs and MWCNTs exhibited skin-sensitization effects. Our knowledge of the toxicological effects of CNTs is still limited. Further information is needed to clarify the potential for irritation and sensitization given the complex nature of CNTs.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	02732300
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	61
e-ISSN	10960295
Journal	Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2011-12-01
Publisher Place	Netherlands
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Pharmacology Eye Drug Effects Irritants Toxicity Nanotubes, Carbon Skin Animals Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Guinea Pigs Male Rabbits Skin Irritancy Tests Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Toxicology

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