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Are temporal artery temperatures accurate enough to replace rectal temperature measurement in pediatric ED patients?

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Reynolds, Marcia Bonham, Laura Gueck, Margaret Hammond, Katherine Lowery, Jessica Redel, Cheryll Rodriguez, Christine Smith, Suzanne Stanton, Anne Sukosd, Stephanie Craft, Marla
Description	Author Affiliation: Reynolds M ( Portland, OR. Electronic address: marcia.reynolds@providence.org.); Bonham L ( Portland, OR.); Gueck M ( Portland, OR.); Hammond K ( Portland, OR.); Lowery J ( Portland, OR.); Redel C ( Portland, OR.); Rodriguez C ( Portland, OR.); Smith S ( Portland, OR.); Stanton A ( Portland, OR.); Sukosd S ( Portland, OR.); Craft M ( Portland, OR.)
Abstract	OBJECTIVE: This study examined the accuracy of temporal artery and axillary temperatures compared with rectal temperatures in pediatric ED patients younger than 4 years. METHODS: A method-comparison study design was used to examine the agreement between a temporal artery or axillary thermometer and a nondisposable, rectal electronic thermometer, which is the clinical reference standard for temperature measurement in children. Temperatures were taken with each device in a convenience sample of stable, pediatric ED patients who were younger than 4 years. Bias and precision were calculated to quantify the differences between the 2 devices, as well as the percentage of temporal artery and axillary temperatures that were >±1.0°C and >±1.5°C higher or lower than the rectal temperature. RESULTS: A total of 52 pediatric ED patients were studied over a 10-month period. Bias and precision for the temporal artery and axillary devices were -0.46°C ± 0.50°C and -0.93°C ± 0.49°C, respectively. The percentage of temporal artery and axillary temperatures that were >±1.0°C and/or >±1.5°C above or below the clinical reference temperature were 15% and 6%, respectively, for the temporal artery thermometer and 39% and 14%, respectively, for the axillary thermometer. DISCUSSION: Bias and precision values for the temporal artery, but not the axillary temperature, were within the acceptable range set by experts to use as a noninvasive substitute for core body temperature measurements. If properly used by ED staff, temporal artery thermometers could be used to obtain temperature in pediatric patients younger than 4 years, thus avoiding physical and psychological discomfort for the child and parent associated with obtaining rectal thermometers.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	00991767
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	40
e-ISSN	15272966
Journal	Journal of Emergency Nursing
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2014-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Nursing Body Temperature Physiology Emergency Service, Hospital Fever Diagnosis Rectum Temporal Arteries Thermometers Statistics & Numerical Data Child, Preschool Emergency Nursing Methods Female Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Pediatric Nursing Reproducibility Of Results Sensitivity And Specificity Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Emergency Nursing

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Are temporal artery temperatures accurate enough to replace rectal temperature measurement in pediatric ED patients?