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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Vieno, Niina Sillanpää, Mika |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Vieno N ( Envieno, Logomo Byrå, Köydenpunojankatu 14, FI-20100 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: niina.vieno@envieno.com.); Sillanpää M ( Lappeenranta University of Technology, Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Innovation Centre for Safety and Material Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland. Electronic address: mika.sillanpaa@lut.fi.) |
| Abstract | Diclofenac (DCF) is a common anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical that is often detected in waste wasters, effluents and surface waters. Recently, DCF was included in the watch list of substances in EU that requires its environmental monitoring in the member states. DCF is also known to harmfully affect several environmental species already at concentrations of ≤ 1 µg/l. This review focuses on the occurrence and fate of DCF in conventional wastewater treatment processes. Research done in this area was gathered and analyzed in order to find out the possibilities to enhance DCF elimination during biological wastewater treatment. More precisely, human metabolism, concentrations in wastewater influents and effluents, elimination rates in the treatment train, roles of sorption and biotransformation mechanisms during the treatment as well as formation of transformation products are reported. Additionally, the effect of process configuration, i.e. conventional activated sludge (CAS), biological nutrient removal (BNR), membrane bioreactor (MBR) and attached-growth bioreactor, and process parameters, i.e. solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) are presented. Generally, DCF is poorly biodegradable which often translates into low elimination rates during biological wastewater treatment. Only a minor portion is sorbed to sludge. MBR and attached-growth bioreactors may result in higher elimination of DCF over CAS or BNR. Long SRTs (>150 d) favor the DCF elimination due to sludge adaptation. Longer HRTs (>2-3d) could significantly increase the elimination of DCF during biological wastewater treatment. Bioaugmentation could be used to enhance DCF elimination, however, this requires more research on microbial communities that are able to degrade DCF. Also, further research is needed to gain more information about the deconjugation processes and biotic and abiotic transformation and the nature of transformation products. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 01604120 |
| Volume Number | 69 |
| e-ISSN | 18736750 |
| Journal | Environment International |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2014-08-01 |
| Publisher Place | Netherlands |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Environmental Science Discipline Environmental Health Anti-inflammatory Agents, Non-steroidal Analysis Diclofenac Waste Disposal, Fluid Methods Waste Water Water Pollutants, Chemical Adsorption Chemistry Metabolism Biodegradation, Environmental Bioreactors Humans Molecular Structure Sewage Time Factors Journal Article Review |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Environmental Science |
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