NDLI: Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander.

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Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander.

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Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Levis, Nicholas A. Johnson, Jarrett R.
Description	Author Affiliation: Levis NA ( Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA, nicholasalevis@gmail.com.)
Abstract	Glyphosate-based herbicides are the number one pesticide in the United States and are used commonly around the world. Understanding the affects of glyphosate-based herbicides on non-target wildlife, for example amphibians, is critical for evaluation of regulations pertaining to the use of such herbicides. Additionally, it is important to understand how variation in biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, such as UV-B light regime, could potentially affect how glyphosate-based herbicides interact with non-target species. This study used artificial pond mesocosms to identify the effects of generic glyphosate-based herbicide (GLY-4 Plus) on mortality, cellular immune response, body size, and morphological plasticity of larvae of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) under conditions that reflect moderate (UV(M)) and low (UV(L)) UV-B light regimes. Survival within a given UV-B level was unaffected by herbicide presence or absence. However, when herbicide was present, survival varied between UV-B levels with higher survival in UV(M) conditions. Herbicide presence in the UV(M) treatments also decreased body size and reduced cellular immune response. In the UV(L) treatments, the presence of herbicide increased body size and affected tail morphology. Finally, in the absence of herbicide, body size and cellular immune response were higher in UV(M) treatments compared to UV(L) treatments. Thus, the effects of herbicide on salamander fitness were dependent on UV-B level. As anthropogenic habitat modifications continue to alter landscapes that contain amphibian breeding ponds, salamanders may increasingly find themselves in locations with reduced canopy cover and increased levels of UV light. Our findings suggest that the probability of surviving exposure to the glyphosate-based herbicide used in this study may be elevated in more open canopy ponds, but the effects on other components of fitness may be varied and unexpected.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09639292
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	24
e-ISSN	15733017
Journal	Ecotoxicology
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2015-07-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Ecology Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Toxicology Ambystoma Physiology Glycine Analogs & Derivatives Herbicides Toxicity Ultraviolet Rays Immunology Animals Immunity, Cellular Drug Effects Larva Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine Toxicology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander (2015)

Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander

LEVEL OF UV-B RADIATION INFLUENCES THE EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE- BASED HERBICIDE ON FITNESS OF THE SPOTTED SALAMANDER (2014)

Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander

Questions concerning the potential impact of glyphosate-based herbicides on amphibians.

The toxicity of glyphosate alone and glyphosate-surfactant mixtures to western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) tadpoles.

The direct and indirect effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide and nutrients on Chironomidae (Diptera) emerging from small wetlands.

Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on embryo-larval development and metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.

A silviculture application of the glyphosate-based herbicide VisionMAX to wetlands has limited direct effects on amphibian larvae.

Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander.

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Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander (2015)

Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander

LEVEL OF UV-B RADIATION INFLUENCES THE EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE- BASED HERBICIDE ON FITNESS OF THE SPOTTED SALAMANDER (2014)

Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander

Questions concerning the potential impact of glyphosate-based herbicides on amphibians.

The toxicity of glyphosate alone and glyphosate-surfactant mixtures to western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) tadpoles.

The direct and indirect effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide and nutrients on Chironomidae (Diptera) emerging from small wetlands.

Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on embryo-larval development and metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.

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Level of UV-B radiation influences the effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on the spotted salamander.