NDLI: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, OX40-ligand, and interleukin-25 in allergic responses.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Wang, Y-H Liu, Y-J
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Wang YH ( Department of Immunology and Center of Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. yui_hsi.wang@cchmc.org)
Abstract	Allergic diseases are often triggered by environmental allergens that induce dominant type 2 immune responses, characterized by the infiltrated T-helper type 2 (TH2) lymphocytes, eosinophils, and elevated TH2 cytokines. In addition to TH2 type immune responses, epithelial stress and injury linked to tissue remodelling are often observed, suggesting that epithelial cells may play important role in regulating allergic responses. Dendritic cells (DCs), the professional antigen-presenting cells with the capabilities of sampling allergens, are considered as the key player on instructing TH2 immune responses. Whether inflamed epithelium can regulate innate immunity, such as macrophages and DCs, which in turn instructs adaptive immunity has long been hypothesized. Studies of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cells-derived cytokine, that can strongly activate DCs, provide important evidences that the epithelial barrier can trigger allergic diseases by regulating immune responses. The finding that OX40/OX40Ligand (OX40L) interactions are the molecular trigger responsible for the induction and maintenance of TH2 responses by TSLP-activated DCs provides a plausible molecular explanation for TSLP-mediated allergy. Recent progresses in characterizing the pro-inflammatory IL-17 cytokine family have added an additional layer of complexity on the regulation of allergic inflammation. TSLP-DCs can induce a robust expansion of TH2 memory cells and strengthen functional attributes by up-regulating their surface expression of IL-17RB (IL-25R), the receptor for cytokine IL-17E (IL-25), a distinct member of IL-17 cytokine family. IL-17E (also known as IL-25) produced by epithelial cells, and other innate cells, such as eosinphils, basophils, and mast cells, are shown to regulate adaptive immunity by enhancing TH2 cytokine productions. These exciting findings expand our knowledge of the complex immunological cascades that result in allergic inflammation and may provide novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of allergic diseases.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09547894
e-ISSN	13652222
DOI	10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03241.x
Journal	Clinical & Experimental Allergy
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	39
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-Blackwell
Publisher Date	2009-06-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Immunology Cytokines Immunology Dendritic Cells Epithelial Cells Hypersensitivity Interleukin-17 Ox40 Ligand Animals Metabolism Immunity, Active Immunity, Innate Immunoglobulins Receptors, Cytokine Th2 Cells
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Allergy Immunology

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