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Allergic sensitization is enhanced in early life through toll-like receptor 7 activation.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Phipps, S. Hansbro, N. Lam, C. E. Foo, S. Y. Matthaei, K. I. Foster, P. S.
Description	Country affiliation: Australia Author Affiliation: Phipps S ( Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases (CARD) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. simon.phipps@newcastle.edu.au)
Abstract	BACKGROUND: Prospective cohort studies suggest that children hospitalized in early life with severe infections are significantly more likely to develop recurrent wheezing and asthma. OBJECTIVE: Using an inhalational mouse model of allergic airways inflammation, we sought to determine the effect of viral and bacterial-associated molecular patterns on the magnitude of the allergic inflammatory response and whether this effect was age dependent. METHODS: BALB/c mice were sensitized by intranasal administration of endotoxin(low) ovalbumin (OVA) in the absence or presence of viral single-stranded (ss)RNA, lipoteichoic acid or flagellin as neonates (within the first 24 h of life) or as weanlings (4 weeks of age). Mice were challenged four times with OVA at 6 weeks of age and end-points (bronchoalveolar lavage cytology, histology, antigen-specific T and B cell responses) determined at 7 weeks of age. RESULTS: Inhalational sensitization (<24 h or 4 weeks of age) and challenge with OVA induced a mild allergic inflammatory response in the airways as indicated by increased numbers of eosinophils and mucus cells, elevated serum OVA-specific IgG1, and production of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines. Mice sensitized to endotoxin(low) OVA at birth in the presence of ssRNA or lipoteichoic acid, but not flagellin, showed an increase in the numbers of airway and tissue eosinophils, mucus producing cells and antigen-specific production of IL-13 as compared with mice exposed only to endotoxin(low) OVA. By contrast, all three TLR ligands failed to increase the magnitude of OVA-induced allergic inflammation in mice sensitized as weanlings. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of distinct microbial-associated patterns in early life may preferentially promote the de novo differentiation of bystander, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells toward a Th2 phenotype, and promote an asthma-like phenotype upon cognate antigen exposure in later life.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09547894
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	39
Journal	Clinical & Experimental Allergy
e-ISSN	13652222
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-Blackwell
Publisher Date	2009-12-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Immunology Hypersensitivity Etiology Immunology Membrane Glycoproteins Physiology Toll-like Receptor 7 Adjuvants, Immunologic Pharmacology Animals Animals, Newborn Eosinophilia Pathology Flagellin Gene Expression Genetics Hyperplasia Metabolism Immunoglobulin G Blood Interferon-gamma Interleukin-13 Interleukin-4 Interleukin-5 Lipopolysaccharides Lung Lymph Nodes Mice Mice, Inbred Balb C Mucous Membrane Ovalbumin Administration & Dosage Rna, Viral Teichoic Acids Th2 Cells Toll-like Receptor 2 Vaccination Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Allergy Immunology

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Allergic sensitization is enhanced in early life through toll-like receptor 7 activation.