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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Heal, D. J. Smith, S. L. Kulkarni, R. S. Rowley, H. L. |
| Description | Country affiliation: United kingdom Author Affiliation: Heal DJ ( RenaSci Consultancy Limited, BioCity, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK. david.heal@renasci.co.uk) |
| Abstract | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric condition that is effectively treated by catecholaminergic drugs with a variety of different mechanisms and the SH rat is frequently used as a model of this disorder. In vivo microdialysis in freely-moving rats has been employed extensively to provide a better understanding of the pharmacodynamics of drugs at their sites of action. In this review, these three topics are brought together to explore the contribution of in vivo microdialysis studies in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats to our understanding of the neurochemical deficits in this rat strain and the actions of ADHD drugs on catecholaminergic function in the prefrontocortex (PFC), striatum and nucleus accumbens. What is revealed is that basal efflux of norepinephrine in the PFC is attenuated, whilst striatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic neurotransmission is hyperfunctional; the latter observation fits closely with the hyperactive phenotype of the SH rat. Furthermore, experiments performed with the enantiomers of amphetamine and threo-methylphenidate demonstrate that pharmacodynamic effects of drugs reported from experiments in outbred rat strains, e.g. Sprague-Dawleys, do not necessarily translate to the SH rat. When the findings are compared with the clinical efficacy of drugs used in treating ADHD, they indicate that the most efficacious drugs powerfully increase both norepinephrinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 00913057 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| Volume Number | 90 |
| e-ISSN | 18735177 |
| Journal | Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2008-08-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Behavioral Sciences Discipline Biochemistry Discipline Pharmacology Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity Drug Therapy Dopamine Secretion Microdialysis Methods Norepinephrine Amphetamine Pharmacology Animals Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Disease Models, Animal Humans Methylphenidate Propylamines Rats Rats, Inbred Shr Rats, Inbred Wky Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Review |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Biological Psychiatry Behavioral Neuroscience Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry Toxicology Pharmacology |
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