NDLI: Alveolar macrophage depletion increases the severity of acute inflammation following nonlethal unilateral lung contusion in mice.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Machado-Aranda, David Suresh, Madathilparambil V. Yu, Bi Dolgachev, Vladislov Hemmila, Mark R. Raghavendran, Krishnan
Description	Author Affiliation: Machado-Aranda D ( From the Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.)
Abstract	BACKGROUND: Lung contusion (LC) is a common injury resulting from blunt thoracic trauma. LC is an important risk factor for the development acute lung injury, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, all of which increase mortality from trauma. LC produces a nonspecific immune cellular response. Neutrophil recruitment is known to increase the severity of inflammation during LC. However, the exact role of macrophages in modulating the response to LC has not been well described. METHODS: We used a cortical contusion impactor to induce unilateral LC in mice. Thoracic micro computed tomographic scans of these animals were obtained to document radiologic changes over time following LC. To understand the role of macrophages during LC, liposomal clodronate was used to deplete macrophage levels before traumatic insult. Acute inflammatory attributes after LC were assessed, by measuring pressure-volume mechanics; quantifying bronchial alveolar lavage levels of leukocytes, albumin, and cytokines; and finally examining lung specimen histopathology at 5, 24, 48, and 72 hours after injury. RESULTS: After LC, alveolar macrophage numbers were significantly reduced and exhibited slowed recovery. Simultaneously, there was a significant increase in bronchial alveolar lavage neutrophil counts. The loss of macrophages could be attributed to both cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Pretreatment with clodronate increased the severity of lung inflammation as measured by worsened pulmonary compliance, increased lung permeability, amplification of neutrophil recruitment, and increases in early proinflammatory cytokine levels. CONCLUSION: The presence of regulatory alveolar macrophages plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute inflammation following LC.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	21630755
e-ISSN	21630763
DOI	10.1097/TA.0000000000000163
Journal	Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	76
Language	English
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publisher Date	2014-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Surgery Discipline Traumatology Contusions Pathology Immunity, Cellular Inflammation Lung Injury Macrophages, Alveolar Wounds, Nonpenetrating Acute Disease Animals Apoptosis Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology Immunology Disease Models, Animal Mice Mice, Inbred C57bl Thoracic Injuries Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Surgery Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine

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