NDLI: Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and treated wastewater on water relations and leaf structure alterations of Viburnum tinus L. plants during both saline and recovery periods.

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Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and treated wastewater on water relations and leaf structure alterations of Viburnum tinus L. plants during both saline and recovery periods.

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Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and treated wastewater on water relations and leaf structure alterations of Viburnum tinus L. plants during both saline and recovery periods.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Gómez-Bellot, María José Nortes, Pedro Antonio Ortuño, María Fernanda Romero, Cristina Fernández-García, Nieves Sánchez-Blanco, María Jesús
Spatial Coverage	Spain
Description	Country affiliation: Spain Author Affiliation: Gómez-Bellot MJ ( Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.); Nortes PA ( Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.); Ortuño MF ( Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.); Romero C ( Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.); Fernández-García N ( Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.); Sánchez-Blanco MJ ( Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: mjgb@cebas.csic.es.)
Abstract	Nowadays, irrigation with low quality water is becoming an alternative to satisfy the needs of crops. However, some plant species have to deal with high salinity of reclaimed water, by adapting their physiological behaviour during both saline and recovery periods and developing morphological changes in their leaves. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could also be a suitable option to mitigate the negative effects of this kind of water, although the effectiveness of plant-AMF association is influenced by many factors. In this work, during forty weeks, the combined effect of Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum and two types of water: control, C, EC<0.9 dS m(-1) and reclaimed water, RW (with EC: 4 dS m(-1) during a first saline period and EC: 6 dS m(-1) during a second saline period) was evaluated for laurustinus plants (Viburnum tinus L.) transplanted in soil. This was followed by a recovery period of eight weeks, when all the plants were irrigated in the control irrigation conditions. Seasonal and daily changes in stem water potential (Ψstem), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (Pn) and leaf internal CO2 concentration (Ci) of laurustinus plants were evaluated. Leaf structure alterations, nutrient imbalance, height and leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kleaf) were also determined. Due to the high difficulty of absorbing water from the soil, RW plants showed a high volumetric water content (Î¸v) in soil. The stem water potential and the stomatal conductance (gs) values were reduced in RW plants throughout the second saline period. These decreases were also found during the day. Leaf Ca(2+)/Na(+) and K(+)/Na(+) ratios diminished in RW plants respect to the C plants due to the Na(+) accumulation, although height and chlorophyll content values did not show statistical differences. Leaves from RW plants showed a significantly thicker mesophyll than Control leaves as a consequence of high EC. The area of palisade parenchyma (PP) increased while the area of spongy parenchyma (SP) decreased in RW leaves with respect to the C leaves. These structural changes could be considered as a strategy to maximize photosynthesis potential in saline conditions. Mycorrhizal inoculation improved the water status of both C and RW plants by increasing their Ψstem and gs values. As regards leaf structure, AMF showed an opposite effect to salinity for PP and SP. At the end of the recovery period, hardly any statistical differences of physiological parameters were found between treatments, although a tendency to improve them was observed in inoculated plants. In any case, the leaf structural changes and the great reduction in Kleaf observed at Ψleaf below -1.5 MPa would constitute an important mechanism for laurustinus plants to reduce the water loses produced by salinity.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	01761617
Volume Number	188
e-ISSN	16181328
Journal	Journal of Plant Physiology
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2015-09-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Botany Mycorrhizae Physiology Sodium Chloride Pharmacology Viburnum Metabolism Microbiology Waste Water Analysis Water Glomeromycota Plant Leaves Anatomy & Histology Salinity Spain Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Plant Science Agronomy and Crop Science

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