NDLI: Protection of the vehicle cab environment against bacteria, fungi and endotoxins in composting facilities.

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Protection of the vehicle cab environment against bacteria, fungi and endotoxins in composting facilities.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Schlosser, O. Huyard, A. Rybacki, D. Do Quang, Z.
Description	Country affiliation: France Author Affiliation: Schlosser O ( SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT, CIRSEE, Analysis & Health Division, 38 rue du Président Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq, France. olivier.schlosser@suez-env.com)
Abstract	Microbial quality of air inside vehicle cabs is a major occupational health risk management issue in composting facilities. Large differences and discrepancies in protection factors between vehicles and between biological agents have been reported. This study aimed at estimating the mean protection efficiency of the vehicle cab environment against bioaerosols with higher precision. In-cab measurement results were also analysed to ascertain whether or not these protection systems reduce workers' exposure to tolerable levels. Five front-end loaders, one mobile mixer and two agricultural tractors pulling windrow turners were investigated. Four vehicles were fitted with a pressurisation and high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration system. The four others were only equipped with pleated paper filter without pressurisation. Bacteria, fungi and endotoxins were measured in 72 pairs of air samples, simultaneously collected inside the cab and on the outside of the cab with a CIP 10-M sampler. A front-end loader, purchased a few weeks previously, fitted with a pressurisation and high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration system, and with a clean cab, exhibited a mean protection efficiency of between 99.47% CI 95% [98.58-99.97%] and 99.91% [99.78-99.98%] depending on the biological agent. It is likely that the lower protection efficiency demonstrated in other vehicles was caused by penetration through the only moderately efficient filters, by the absence of pressurisation, by leakage in the filter-sealing system, and by re-suspension of particles which accumulated in dirty cabs. Mean protection efficiency in regards to bacteria and endotoxins ranged between 92.64% [81.87-97.89%] and 98.61% [97.41-99.38%], and between 92.68% [88.11-96.08%] and 98.43% [97.44-99.22%], respectively. The mean protection efficiency was the lowest when confronted with fungal spores, from 59.76% [4.19-90.75%] to 94.71% [91.07-97.37%]. The probability that in-cab exposure to fungi exceeded the benchmark value for short-term respiratory effects suggests that front-end loaders and mobile mixers in composting facilities should be fitted with a pressurisation and HEPA filtration system, regardless of whether or not the facility is indoors or outdoors. Regarding the tractors, exposure inside the cabs was not significantly reduced. However, in this study, there was a less than 0.01% risk of exceeding the bench mark value associated with fungi related short-term respiratory effects during an 1-h per day windrow turning operation. Pressurisation and a HEPA filtration system can provide safe working conditions inside loaders and mobile mixer with regard to airborne bacteria, fungi and endotoxins in composting facilities. However, regular thorough cleaning of the vehicle cab, as well as overalls and shoes cleaning, and mitigation of leakage in the filter-sealing system are necessary to achieve high levels of protection efficiency.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0956053X
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	32
e-ISSN	18792456
Journal	Waste Management
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2012-06-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Waste Management Risk Assessment Prevention & Control Discipline Environmental Health Occupational Exposure Air Microbiology Humans Sanitation Motor Vehicles Journal Article Fungi Spores, Fungal Soil Bacteria Air Pollution, Indoor Methods
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Waste Management and Disposal

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Protection of the vehicle cab environment against bacteria, fungi and endotoxins in composting facilities.

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