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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Schechtman, Leonard M. |
| Description | Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Schechtman LM ( Innovative Toxicology Consulting, LLC, Lake Worth, FL, USA. lschechtman@innovativetoxicologyconsulting.com) |
| Abstract | In vitro cell transformation is a process characterized by a series of progressive distinctive events that often emulate manifestations occurring in vivo and which are associated with neoplasia. Attendant cellular and sub-cellular alterations include, among others: cellular immortality, phenotypic changes, aneuploidy, genetic variability, cellular disarray, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Early chemically induced neoplastic transformation studies involved the use of normal diploid (Syrian) hamster embryo (SHE) cells and monitored the formation of morphologically altered colonies. Later investigations employed primarily two established mouse cell lines, i.e. the BALB/c 3T3 A31 cell line and the C3H 10T 1/2 cell line, and monitored the induction of morphologically aberrant foci. In either case, such transformed cellular clusters (colonies and foci) could induce tumors upon inoculation in vivo. Some subsequent noteworthy advancements using these systems included pH adjustments, metabolic supplementation, amplification of expression of formerly latent transformed foci, concurrent detection of mutagenesis and transformation, and use of a Bhas 42 cell line (v-Ha-ras transfected BALB/c 3T3 cells) to detect both tumor initiators and promoters. Over time, such transformation assay systems have been found useful in academic, industry and regulatory laboratories, generally for research purposes, but also occasionally as screening tools for potential chemical carcinogens. Nevertheless, to date, use of these assays for decision-making purposes in the regulatory arena remains elusive and will require comprehensive validation to gain universal acceptance. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 13835718 |
| e-ISSN | 18793592 |
| Journal | Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 744 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2012-04-11 |
| Publisher Place | Netherlands |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Cell Line Historical Article Cricetinae Discipline Genetics History, 21st Century Animal Testing Alternatives History, 20th Century Rodentia Discipline Biochemistry Carcinogenicity Tests Animals Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Mesocricetus Genetics Balb 3t3 Cells Mice |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Genetics Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
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