NDLI: A method to investigate the effect of shoe-hole size on surface marker movement when describing in-shoe joint kinematics using a multi-segment foot model.

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A method to investigate the effect of shoe-hole size on surface marker movement when describing in-shoe joint kinematics using a multi-segment foot model.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Bishop, Chris Arnold, John B. Fraysse, Francois Thewlis, Dominic
Description	Author Affiliation: Bishop C ( School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: Christopher.bishop@mymail.unisa.edu.au.); Arnold JB ( School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia.); Fraysse F ( School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia.); Thewlis D ( School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia)
Abstract	To investigate in-shoe foot kinematics, holes are often cut in the shoe upper to allow markers to be placed on the skin surface. However, there is currently a lack of understanding as to what is an appropriate size. This study aimed to demonstrate a method to assess whether different diameter holes were large enough to allow free motion of marker wands mounted on the skin surface during walking using a multi-segment foot model. Eighteen participants underwent an analysis of foot kinematics whilst walking barefoot and wearing shoes with different size holes (15 mm, 20mm and 25 mm). The analysis was conducted in two parts; firstly the trajectory of the individual skin-mounted markers were analysed in a 2D ellipse to investigate total displacement of each marker during stance. Secondly, a geometrical analysis was conducted to assess cluster deformation of the hindfoot and midfoot-forefoot segments. Where movement of the markers in the 15 and 20mm conditions were restricted, the marker movement in the 25 mm condition did not exceed the radius at any anatomical location. Despite significant differences in the isotropy index of the medial and lateral calcaneus markers between the 25 mm and barefoot conditions, the differences were due to the effect of footwear on the foot and not a result of the marker wands hitting the shoe upper. In conclusion, the method proposed and results can be used to increase confidence in the representativeness of joint kinematics with respect to in-shoe multi-segment foot motion during walking.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09666362
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	41
e-ISSN	18792219
Journal	Gait & Posture
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2015-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Orthopedics Movement Humans Male Foot Joints Shoes Journal Article Forefoot, Human Young Adult Walking Biomechanical Phenomena Adult Female Physiology Models, Anatomic
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Biophysics Sports Science

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Determining the maximum diameter for holes in the shoe without compromising shoe integrity when using a multi-segment foot model.

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The effect of shoe lacing on plantar pressure distribution and in-shoe displacement of the foot in healthy participants.

Heel height affects lower extremity frontal plane joint moments during walking.

Anticipatory changes in control of swing foot and lower limb joints when walking onto a moving surface traveling at constant speed.

Footstrike patterns among novice runners wearing a conventional, neutral running shoe.

Differences in foot kinematics between young and older adults during walking.

A method to investigate the effect of shoe-hole size on surface marker movement when describing in-shoe joint kinematics using a multi-segment foot model.

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