NDLI: The influence of salinity on acute nickel toxicity to the two euryhaline fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus

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The influence of salinity on acute nickel toxicity to the two euryhaline fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus

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The influence of salinity on acute nickel toxicity to the two euryhaline fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Bielmyer, Gretchen K. DeCarlo, Carri Morris, Cameron Carrigan, Thomas
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Bielmyer GK ( Valdosta State University, Department of Biology, Valdosta, Georgia, USA. gkbielmyer@valdosta.edu)
Abstract	Nickel (Ni) is a common pollutant found in aquatic environments and may be harmful at elevated concentrations. Increasing salinity has been shown to decrease the bioavailability and toxicity of other metals to aquatic organisms. In the present study, acute Ni toxicity experiments (96-h) were conducted at various salinities (0–36 ppt) to determine the effects of salinity on Ni toxicity to 2 euryhaline fish species, Kryptolebias marmoratus and Fundulus heteroclitus. Nickel concentrations causing lethality to 50% of the fish ranged from 2 mg/L in moderately hard freshwater to 66.6 mg/L in 36 ppt saltwater. Nickel toxicity to F. heteroclitus decreased linearly with increasing salinity; however, Ni toxicity to K. marmoratus was only lowered by salinities above 6 ppt, demonstrating potential physiological differences between the 2 species when they are functioning as freshwater fish. Furthermore, the authors investigated the influence of $Mg^{2+},$ $Ca^{2+},$ $Na^{+},$ and $Cl^{–}$ on Ni toxicity to F. heteroclitus. Freshwater with up to 120 mg/L $Ca^{2+}$ as $CaSO_{4},$ 250 mg/L $Mg^{2+}$ as $MgSO_{4},$ or 250 mg/L $Na^{+}$ as $NaHCO_{3}$ did not provide protection against Ni toxicity. Alternatively, 250 mg/L $Na^{+},$ as NaCl, was protective against Ni toxicity; and the extent of protection was similar to that demonstrated from salt water with the same $Cl^{–}$ concentration. These results suggest that $Cl^{–}$ is the predominant ion responsible for reducing Ni toxicity to K. marmoratus and F. heteroclitus in higher salinity waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1354–1359. © 2013 SETAC
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	32
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2013-06-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Water Pollutants, Chemical Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Toxicity Discipline Environmental Health Stress, Physiological Discipline Toxicology Metabolism Cyprinodontiformes Fundulidae Journal Article Salinity Chemistry Animals Discipline Chemistry Physiology Fresh Water Nickel
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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