NDLI: Comparison of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for Glucose-to-Fructose Isomerization in Aqueous Media

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Comparison of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for Glucose-to-Fructose Isomerization in Aqueous Media

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Choudhary, Vinit Pinar, Ana B. Lobo, Raul F. Vlachos, Dionisios G. Sandler, Stanley I.
Description	Author Affiliation: Choudhary V ( Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (USA), Fax: (+1) 302-831-1048.)
Abstract	Herein, the first comparison of the mechanisms of glucose-to-fructose isomerization in aqueous media enabled by homogeneous $(CrCl_{3}$ and $AlCl_{3})$ and heterogeneous catalysts (Sn-beta) by using isotopic-labeling studies is reported. A pronounced kinetic isotope effect (KIE) was observed if the deuterium label was at the C2 position, thus suggesting that a hydrogen shift from the C2 to C1 positions was the rate-limiting step with the three catalysts. $^{13}C$ and $^{1}H NMR$ spectroscopic investigations confirmed that an intra-hydride-transfer reaction pathway was the predominant reaction channel for all three catalysts in aqueous media. Furthermore, the deuterium atom in the labeled glucose could be mapped onto hydroxymethylfurfural and formic acid through reactions that followed the isomerization step in the presence of Brønsted acids. In all three catalysts, the active site appeared to be a bifunctional Lewis-acidic/Brønsted-basic site, based on a speciation model and first-principles calculations. For the first time, a mechanistic similarities between the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis of aldose-to-ketose isomerization is established and it is suggested that learning from homogeneous catalysis could assist in the development of improved heterogeneous catalysts.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	18645631
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	6
e-ISSN	1864564X
Journal	ChemSusChem
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-VCH
Publisher Date	2013-12-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s. Comparative Study Chromium Compounds Discipline Sustainable Chemistry Glucose Isomerism Zeolites Fructose Journal Article Chemistry Chlorides Aluminum Compounds Catalysis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Energy Environmental Chemistry Materials Science Chemical Engineering

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