NDLI: Role of Ultrathin Metal Fluoride Layer in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Mechanism of Efficiency and Lifetime Enhancement

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Role of Ultrathin Metal Fluoride Layer in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Mechanism of Efficiency and Lifetime Enhancement

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Lim, Kyung-Geun Choi, Mi-Ri Kim, Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong Hun Jung, Gwan Ho Park, Yongsup Lee, Jong-Lam Lee, Tae-Woo
Description	Author Affiliation: Lim KG ( Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784 (Korea).)
Abstract	Although rapid progress has been made recently in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, systematic studies on an ultrathin interfacial layer at the electron extraction contact have not been conducted in detail, which is important to improve both the device efficiency and the lifetime. We find that an ultrathin $BaF_{2}$ layer at the electron extraction contact strongly influences the open-circuit voltage $(V_{oc})$ as the nanomorphology evolves with increasing $BaF_{2}$ thickness. A vacuum-deposited ultrathin $BaF_{2}$ layer grows by island growth, so $BaF_{2}$ layers with a nominal thickness less than that of single-coverage layer (≈3 nm) partially cover the polymeric photoactive layer. As the nominal thickness of the $BaF_{2}$ layer increased to that of a single-coverage layer, the $V_{oc}$ and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) increased but the short-circuit current remained almost constant. The fill factor and the PCE decreased abruptly as the thickness of the $BaF_{2}$ layer exceeded that of a single-coverage layer, which was ascribed to the insulating nature of $BaF_{2}.$ We find the major cause of the increased $V_{oc}$ observed in these devices is the lowered work function of the cathode caused by the reaction and release of Ba from thin $BaF_{2}$ films upon deposition of Al. The OPV device with the $BaF_{2}$ layer showed a slightly improved maximum PCE (4.0 %) and a greatly (approximately nine times) increased device half-life under continuous simulated solar irradiation at $100 mW cm^{−2}$ as compared with the OPV without an interfacial layer (PCE=2.1 %). We found that the photodegradation of the photoactive layer was not a major cause of the OPV degradation. The hugely improved lifetime with cathode interface modification suggests a significant role of the cathode interfacial layer that can help to prolong device lifetimes.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	18645631
Issue Number	4
Journal	ChemSusChem
Volume Number	7
e-ISSN	1864564X
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-VCH
Publisher Date	2014-04-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Electrodes Electric Power Supplies Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Chemistry Solar Energy Barium Compounds Organic Chemicals Discipline Sustainable Chemistry Fluorides Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Energy Environmental Chemistry Materials Science Chemical Engineering

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Role of Ultrathin Metal Fluoride Layer in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Mechanism of Efficiency and Lifetime Enhancement

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Role of Ultrathin Metal Fluoride Layer in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Mechanism of Efficiency and Lifetime Enhancement