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Walnut consumption increases satiation but has no effect on insulin resistance or the metabolic profile over a 4-day period.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Brennan, Aoife M. Sweeney, Laura L. Liu, Xiaowen Mantzoros, Christos S.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Brennan AM ( Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.)
Abstract	Obesity and diabetes have been associated with increased consumption of highly processed foods, and reduced consumption of whole grains and nuts. It has been proposed, mainly on the basis of observational studies, that nuts may provide superior satiation, may lead to reduced calorie consumption, and may decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes; but evidence from randomized, interventional studies is lacking. A total of 20 men and women with the metabolic syndrome participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of walnut consumption. Subjects had two 4-day admissions to the clinical research center where they were fed an isocaloric diet. In addition, they consumed shakes for breakfast containing either walnuts or placebo (shakes were standardized for calories, carbohydrate, and fat content). Appetite, insulin resistance, and metabolic parameters were measured. We found an increased level of satiety (overall P value = 0.0079) and sense of fullness (P = 0.05) in prelunch questionnaires following the walnut breakfast as compared to the placebo breakfast, with the walnut effect achieving significance on day 3 and 4 (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03). We did not find any change in resting energy expenditure, hormones known to mediate satiety, or insulin resistance when comparing the walnut vs. placebo diet. Walnut consumption over 4 days increased satiety by day 3. Long-term studies are needed to confirm the physiologic role of walnuts, the duration of time needed for these effects to occur, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	19307381
e-ISSN	1930739X
DOI	10.1038/oby.2009.409
Journal	Obesity
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	18
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-Blackwell
Publisher Date	2010-06-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Endocrinology Physiology Insulin Resistance Juglans Metabolome Satiation Appetite Cross-over Studies Double-blind Method Placebos Time Factors Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nutrition and Dietetics Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Endocrinology

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Walnut consumption increases satiation but has no effect on insulin resistance or the metabolic profile over a 4 day period

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Walnut consumption increases satiation but has no effect on insulin resistance or the metabolic profile over a 4-day period.

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Walnut consumption increases satiation but has no effect on insulin resistance or the metabolic profile over a 4 day period

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Walnut consumption increases satiation but has no effect on insulin resistance or the metabolic profile over a 4-day period.