NDLI: Neuroinflammation resulting from covert brain invasion by common viruses - a potential role in local and global neurodegeneration.

Please wait, while we are loading the content...

An intraoral neurocranial vertical distractor appliance provides unique treatment for Tourette's syndrome and resolves comorbid neurobehavioral problems of obsessive compulsive disorder.

Gene-environment mismatch in decompression sickness and air embolism.

A new hypothesis of chronic fatigue syndrome: co-conditioning theory.

Hydrogen as a novel and effective treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

The Savant Hypothesis: is autism a signal-processing problem?

Is thermogenesis a significant causal factor in preventing the 'globesity' epidemic?

Wiser than we thought: Helicobacter pylori.

Let''s try erythropoietin in Alzheimer's disease.

New scientific evidence supports the concept of post-traumatic mood disorder and an association of post-traumatic mood disorder with completed suicide.

Testosterone as an atrial fibrillation treatment and stroke preventative in aging men: case histories and hypothesis.

Abstract mathematics should be added to the pre-medical curriculum.

Acupuncture and Merkel cells.

Fasting - an alternative to check diabetes.

Potential role of uric acid as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for dementia with Lewy bodies.

Endplate degeneration may be the origination of the vacuum phenomenon in intervertebral discs.

Year: 2010 Volume: 75 Issue: 1

Year: 2010 Volume: 74

Year: 2009 Volume: 73

Year: 2009 Volume: 72

Year: 2008 Volume: 71

Year: 2008 Volume: 70

Year: 2007 Volume: 69

Year: 2007 Volume: 68

Year: 2006 Volume: 66

Neuroinflammation resulting from covert brain invasion by common viruses - a potential role in local and global neurodegeneration.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Majde, Jeannine A.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Majde JA ( Department of VCAPP, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA. MajdeJA@aol.com)
Abstract	Neurodegenerative diseases are a horrendous burden for their victims, their families, and society as a whole. For half a century scientists have pursued the hypothesis that these diseases involve a chronic viral infection in the brain. However, efforts to consistently detect a specific virus in brains of patients with such diseases as Alzheimer's or multiple sclerosis have generally failed. Neuropathologists have become increasingly aware that most patients with neurodegenerative diseases demonstrate marked deterioration of the brain olfactory bulb in addition to brain targets that define the specific disease. In fact, the loss of the sense of smell may precede overt neurological symptoms by many years. This realization that the olfactory bulb is a common target in neurodegenerative diseases suggests the possibility that microbes and/or toxins in inhaled air may play a role in their pathogenesis. With regard to inhaled viruses, neuropathologists have focused on those viruses that infect and kill neurons. However, a recent study shows that a respiratory virus with no neurotropic properties can rapidly invade the mouse olfactory bulb from the nasal cavity. Available data suggest that this strain of influenza is passively transported to the bulb via the olfactory nerves (mechanism unknown), and is taken up by glial cells in the outer layers of the bulb. The infected glial cells appear to be activated by the virus, secrete proinflammatory cytokines, and block further spread of virus within the brain. At the time that influenza symptoms become apparent (15 h post-infection), but not prior to symptom onset (10 h post-infection), proinflammatory cytokine-expressing neurons are increased in olfactory cortical pathways and hypothalamus as well as in the olfactory bulb. The mice go on to die of pneumonitis with severe acute phase and respiratory disease symptoms but no classical neurological symptoms. While much remains to be learned about this intranasal influenza-brain invasion model, it suggests the hypothesis that common viruses encountered in our daily life may initiate neuroinflammation via olfactory neural networks. The numerous viruses that we inhale during a lifetime might cause the death of only a few neurons per infection, but this minor damage would accumulate over time and contribute to age-related brain shrinkage and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Elderly individuals with a strong innate inflammatory system, or ongoing systemic inflammation (or both), might be most susceptible to these outcomes. The evidence for the hypothesis that common respiratory viruses may contribute to neurodegenerative processes is developed in the accompanying article.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	03069877
e-ISSN	15322777
DOI	10.1016/j.mehy.2010.02.023
Journal	Medical Hypotheses
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	75
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2010-08-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Medical theory Brain Virology Nerve Degeneration Neurons Administration, Intranasal Animals Cerebral Cortex Cytokines Influenza, Human Mice Models, Biological Neurodegenerative Diseases Olfactory Bulb Olfactory Nerve Viruses Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Neuroinflammation Resulting from Covert Brain Invasion by Common Viruses—a Potential Role in Local and Global Neurodegeneration

Detection of mouse-adapted human influenza virus in the olfactory bulbs of mice within hours after intranasal infection

Ultrarapid Inflammation of the Olfactory Bulb After Spinal Cord Injury: Protective Effects of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Early Neurodegeneration in the Brain

Inflammatory Cells and Cytokines in the Olfactory Bulb of a Rat Model of Neuroinflammation; Insights into Neurodegeneration?

Absence of Neurodegeneration and Neural Injury in the Cerebral Cortex in a Sample of Elderly Patients With Schizophrenia

Understanding microRNAs in neurodegeneration.

Sensory-Dependent Asymmetry for a Urine-Responsive Olfactory Bulb Glomerulus

Disrupted iron homeostasis causes dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice.

The mouse olfactory peduncle.

Neuroinflammation resulting from covert brain invasion by common viruses - a potential role in local and global neurodegeneration.

Similar Documents

Neuroinflammation Resulting from Covert Brain Invasion by Common Viruses—a Potential Role in Local and Global Neurodegeneration

Detection of mouse-adapted human influenza virus in the olfactory bulbs of mice within hours after intranasal infection

Ultrarapid Inflammation of the Olfactory Bulb After Spinal Cord Injury: Protective Effects of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Early Neurodegeneration in the Brain

Inflammatory Cells and Cytokines in the Olfactory Bulb of a Rat Model of Neuroinflammation; Insights into Neurodegeneration?

Absence of Neurodegeneration and Neural Injury in the Cerebral Cortex in a Sample of Elderly Patients With Schizophrenia

Understanding microRNAs in neurodegeneration.

Sensory-Dependent Asymmetry for a Urine-Responsive Olfactory Bulb Glomerulus

Disrupted iron homeostasis causes dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice.

The mouse olfactory peduncle.

Neuroinflammation resulting from covert brain invasion by common viruses - a potential role in local and global neurodegeneration.