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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Toia, Francesca Giesen, Thomas Giovanoli, Pietro Calcagni, Maurizio |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Toia F ( Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: francescatoia@gmail.com.); Giesen T ( Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.); Giovanoli P ( Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.); Calcagni M ( Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.) |
| Abstract | Peripheral neuromas can result in an unbearable neuropathic pain and functional impairment. Their treatment is still challenging, and their optimal management is to be defined. Experimental research still plays a major role, but - although numerous neuroma models have been proposed on different animals - there is still no single model recognised as being the reference. Several models show advantages over the others in specific aspects of neuroma physiopathology, prevention or treatment, making it unlikely that a single model could be of reference. A reproducible and standardised model of peripheral neuroma would allow better comparison of results from different studies. We present a systematic review of the literature on experimental in vivo models, analysing advantages and disadvantages, specific features and indications, with the goal of providing suggestions to help their standardisation. Published models greatly differ in the animal and the nerve employed, the mechanisms of nerve injury and the evaluation methods. Specific experimental models exist for terminal neuromas and neuromas in continuity (NIC). The rat is the most widely employed animal, the rabbit being the second most popular model. NIC models are more actively researched, but it is more difficult to generate such studies in a reproducible manner. Nerve transection is considered the best method to cause terminal neuromas, whereas partial transection is the best method to cause NIC. Traditional histomorphology is the historical gold-standard evaluation method, but immunolabelling, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and proteomics are gaining increasing popularity. Computerised gait analysis is the gold standard for motor-recovery evaluation, whereas mechanical testing of allodynia and hyperalgesia reproducibly assesses sensory recovery. This review summarises current knowledge on experimental neuroma models, and it provides a useful tool for defining experimental protocols. Furthermore, it could help future research to define standard experimental model(s) of peripheral neuromas, allowing better comparison of results and improvement of our understanding of such a complex disease. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 17486815 |
| Issue Number | 10 |
| Volume Number | 68 |
| e-ISSN | 18780539 |
| Journal | Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2015-10-01 |
| Publisher Place | Netherlands |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline General Surgery Neoplasms, Experimental Neurosurgical Procedures Methods Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms Surgery Animals Humans Neuroma Journal Article Review |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Surgery |
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