NDLI: Constructed wetlands combined with UV disinfection systems for removal of enteric pathogens and wastewater contaminants.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Azaizeh, H. Linden, K. G. Barstow, C. Kalbouneh, S. Tellawi, A. Albalawneh, A. Gerchman, Y.
Description	Country affiliation: Israel Author Affiliation: Azaizeh H ( Institute of Applied Research-Galilee Society (Affiliated with University of Haifa), P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel. hazaizi@gal-soc.org)
Abstract	Water shortage is an ongoing cardinal issue in the Middle East region. Wastewater reuse offers some remediation, but to-date many rural communities in the Palestinian Authority (PA) and in Jordan are not connected to centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many of them are disposing of their wastewater using infiltration septic tanks. This highlights the need for a small, local, low cost WWTP that can directly benefit local communities, producing effluents suitable for unrestricted irrigation. Constructed wetlands (CWs) could offer a solution as they are relatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain, and effective in removal of many pollutants. Nevertheless, pathogen removal in CWs is often not adequate, calling for additional disinfection. Here we describe the use of low-cost, consumer level, UV based disinfection systems coupled to CWs for wastewater treatment in three CWs: in Israel, Jordan and in the PA. Once mature, our adapted CWs reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) load, and, given proper use of the UV systems, inactivated indicator bacteria (faecal and E. coli) to levels suitable for irrigation, even when UV transmission (UVT) levels were low (â¼40%). Our results demonstrate the promise in this combined treatment technique for cheap and simple wastewater treatment suitable for the Middle East region.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	02731223
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	67
e-ISSN	19969732
Journal	Water Science & Technology
Language	English
Publisher	IWA Publishing
Publisher Date	2013-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Hydrology Disinfection Methods Ultraviolet Rays Waste Water Microbiology Water Purification Wetlands Enterobacteriaceae Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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