NDLI: Long-term effect of metal oxide nanoparticles on activated sludge.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Sundaram, Baranidharan Kumar, Arun
Description	Author Affiliation: Sundaram B ( Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India E-mail: arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in.); Kumar A ( Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India E-mail: arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in.)
Abstract	This study evaluated the influence of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (Ag O, TiO ) and their mixture on activated sludge for 180 days. When tested, a mixture of NPs at 1 and 10 mg/L had greater impact than individual NPs, in which maximum reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) elimination (76.3%) was observed after 150 days for 1 mg/L (500 mg/L COD concentration) and after 180 days (70.2%) for 10 mg/L (250 mg/L COD concentration). TiO had higher inhibition on COD reduction than Ag O NPs at 1 and 10 mg/L. An antagonistic effect was observed in which the combination of individual NPs had a greater effect than a mixture of NPs. Reduction in COD elimination was found to be dependent on NP type and concentration (p < 0.05). Further, metal ion concentration was higher in sludge than supernatant irrespective of NPs, while microscopic analysis showed the presence of NPs inside activated sludge. Among NPs tested, the concentration of Ti ion was greater in sludge than in the Ag ion, thus indicating that TiO has a greater affinity than Ag O NPs. All three factors (NP type, NP concentration, organic concentration) play a significant role in imparting COD removal (p < 0.05). Future studies are required to quantify NP concentration to minimize NP effect on plant performance.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	02731223
Issue Number	2
Journal	Water Science & Technology
Volume Number	75
e-ISSN	19969732
Language	English
Publisher	IWA Publishing
Publisher Date	2017-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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