NDLI: Coordinated regulation and complex formation of yellow variegated1 and yellow variegated2, chloroplastic FtsH metalloproteases involved in the repair cycle of photosystem II in Arabidopsis thylakoid membranes.

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Coordinated regulation and complex formation of yellow variegated1 and yellow variegated2, chloroplastic FtsH metalloproteases involved in the repair cycle of photosystem II in Arabidopsis thylakoid membranes.

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Coordinated regulation and complex formation of yellow variegated1 and yellow variegated2, chloroplastic FtsH metalloproteases involved in the repair cycle of photosystem II in Arabidopsis thylakoid membranes.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Sakamoto, Wataru Zaltsman, Adi Adam, Zach Takahashi, Yuichiro
Description	Country affiliation: Japan Author Affiliation: Sakamoto W ( Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan. saka@rib.okayama-u.ac.jp)
Abstract	Arabidopsis yellow variegated1 (VAR1) and VAR2 are separate loci that encode similar chloroplast FtsH proteases. To date, FtsH is the best-characterized protease in thylakoid membranes involved in the turnover of photosynthetic protein complexes. It comprises a protein family that is encoded by 12 different nuclear genes in Arabidopsis. We show here that nine FtsH proteins are located in the chloroplasts. Mutations in either VAR1 or VAR2 cause typical leaf variegation and sensitivity to photoinhibition. By contrast, none of these phenotypes was observed in T-DNA insertion mutants in other ftsH genes (ftsh1, ftsh6, and ftsh8) closely related to VAR1 and VAR2. This finding suggests that VAR1 and VAR2 play a predominant role in the photosystem II repair cycle in thylakoid membranes. By generating VAR1- and VAR2-specific antibodies, we found that loss of either VAR1 or VAR2 results in the decreased accumulation of the other. Thus, the genetic nonredundancy between VAR1 and VAR2 could be attributed to their coordinated regulation at the protein level. These observations led us to examine whether VAR1 and VAR2 form a complex. Sucrose density gradient and gel filtration analyses revealed a complex of approximately 400 to 450 kD, probably representing a hexamer. Furthermore, VAR1 and VAR2 were shown to coprecipitate by immunoprecipitation using VAR1- and VAR2-specific antibodies. The majority of VAR1 appears to exist as heterocomplexes with VAR2, whereas VAR2 may be present as homocomplexes as well. Based on these results, we conclude that VAR1 and VAR2 are the major components of an FtsH complex involved in the repair of photodamaged proteins in thylakoid membranes.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	10404651
e-ISSN	1531298X
Journal	THE PLANT CELL ONLINE
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	15
Language	English
Publisher	American Society of Plant Biologists
Publisher Date	2003-12-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Botany Arabidopsis Proteins Genetics Arabidopsis Membrane Proteins Metalloproteases Photosystem Ii Protein Complex Thylakoids Atp-dependent Proteases Enzymology Metabolism Dna Repair Dna Repair Enzymes Dna, Bacterial Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Mutagenesis, Insertional Mutation Phenotype Phylogeny Radiation Effects Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Plant Science

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