NDLI: Bat flight: aerodynamics, kinematics and flight morphology.

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Bat flight: aerodynamics, kinematics and flight morphology.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Hedenström, Anders Johansson, L. Christoffer
Description	Country affiliation: Sweden Author Affiliation: Hedenström A ( Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden anders.hedenstrom@biol.lu.se.); Johansson LC ( Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.)
Abstract	Bats evolved the ability of powered flight more than 50 million years ago. The modern bat is an efficient flyer and recent research on bat flight has revealed many intriguing facts. By using particle image velocimetry to visualize wake vortices, both the magnitude and time-history of aerodynamic forces can be estimated. At most speeds the downstroke generates both lift and thrust, whereas the function of the upstroke changes with forward flight speed. At hovering and slow speed bats use a leading edge vortex to enhance the lift beyond that allowed by steady aerodynamics and an inverted wing during the upstroke to further aid weight support. The bat wing and its skeleton exhibit many features and control mechanisms that are presumed to improve flight performance. Whereas bats appear aerodynamically less efficient than birds when it comes to cruising flight, they have the edge over birds when it comes to manoeuvring. There is a direct relationship between kinematics and the aerodynamic performance, but there is still a lack of knowledge about how (and if) the bat controls the movements and shape (planform and camber) of the wing. Considering the relatively few bat species whose aerodynamic tracks have been characterized, there is scope for new discoveries and a need to study species representing more extreme positions in the bat morphospace.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	00220949
e-ISSN	14779145
Journal	Journal of Experimental Biology
Issue Number	Pt 5
Volume Number	218
Language	English
Publisher	The Company of Biologists
Publisher Date	2015-03-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Biology Chiroptera Anatomy & Histology Physiology Flight, Animal Animals Biomechanical Phenomena Rheology Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Medicine Aquatic Science Molecular Biology Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science

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