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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Weiss, Linda C. Leimann, Julian Tollrian, Ralph |
| Description | Country affiliation: Germany Author Affiliation: Weiss LC ( Environmental Genomics Group School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution & Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44780, Germany linda.weiss@rub.de.); Leimann J ( Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution & Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44780, Germany.); Tollrian R ( Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution & Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44780, Germany.) |
| Abstract | The freshwater crustacean Daphnia adapts to changing predation risks by forming inducible defences. These are only formed when they are advantageous, saving associated costs when the defence is superfluous. However, in order to be effective, the time lag between the onset of predation and the defence formation has to be short. Daphnia longicephala develop huge protective crests upon exposure to chemical cues (kairomones) from its predator the heteropteran backswimmer Notonecta glauca. To analyse time lags, we determined kairomone-sensitive stages and the developmental time frames of inducible defences. Moreover, we looked at additive effects that could result from the summation of prolonged kairomone exposure. Kairomones are perceived by chemoreceptors and integrated by the nervous system, which alters the developmental program leading to defence formation. The underlying neuronal and developmental pathways are not thoroughly described and surprisingly, the location of the kairomone receptors is undetermined. We show that D. longicephala start to sense predator cues at the onset of the second juvenile instar, defences develop with a time lag of one instar and prolonged kairomone exposure does not impact the magnitude of the defence. By establishing a method to reversibly impair chemosensors, we show the first antennae as the location of kairomone-detecting chemoreceptors. This study provides fundamental information on kairomone perception, kairomone-sensitive stages, developmental time frames and lag times of inducible defences in D. longicephala that will greatly contribute to the further understanding of the neuronal and developmental mechanisms of predator-induced defences in Daphnia. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 00220949 |
| e-ISSN | 14779145 |
| DOI | 10.1242/jeb.124552 |
| Journal | Journal of Experimental Biology |
| Issue Number | Pt 18 |
| Volume Number | 218 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | The Company of Biologists |
| Publisher Date | 2015-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | Great Britain (UK) |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Biology Chemoreceptor Cells Drug Effects Daphnia Physiology Pheromones Pharmacology Animals Arthropod Antennae Cues Growth & Development Heteroptera Chemistry Larva Phenotype Predatory Behavior Time Factors |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Physiology Medicine Aquatic Science Molecular Biology Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science |
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