| Content Provider |
World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
| Author |
McGowan, Emily C. Bloomberg, Gordon R. Gergen, Peter J. Visness, Cynthia M. Jaffee, Katy F. Sandel, Megan O'Connor, George Kattan, Meyer Gern, James Wood, Robert A. |
| Spatial Coverage |
United States |
| Description |
Country affiliation: Moldova Author Affiliation: McGowan EC ( Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.); Bloomberg GR ( Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.); Gergen PJ ( National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.); Visness CM ( Rho, Inc, Chapel Hill, NC.); Jaffee KF ( Rho, Inc, Chapel Hill, NC.); Sandel M ( Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Primary Care, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.); O'Connor G ( Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.); Kattan M ( Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.); Gern J ( Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wis.); Wood RA ( Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Md. Electronic address: rwood@jhmi.edu.) |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: Previous data suggest that food allergy (FA) might be more common in inner-city children; however, these studies have not collected data on both sensitization and clinical reactivity or early-life exposures. METHODS: Children in the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma birth cohort were followed through age 5 years. Household exposures, diet, clinical history, and physical examinations were assessed yearly; levels of specific IgE to milk, egg, and peanut were measured at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years of age. On the basis of sensitization (IgE ≥0.35 kU/L) and clinical history over the 5-year period, children were classified as having FA or being possibly allergic, sensitized but tolerant, or not allergic/not sensitized. RESULTS: Five hundred sixteen children were included. Overall, 55.4% were sensitized (milk, 46.7%; egg, 31.0%; and peanut, 20.9%), whereas 9.9% were categorized as having FA (peanut, 6.0%; egg, 4.3%; and milk, 2.7%; 2.5% to >1 food). The remaining children were categorized as possibly allergic (17.0%), sensitized but tolerant (28.5%), and not sensitized (44.6%). Eighteen (3.5%) reported reactions to foods for which IgE levels were not measured. Food-specific IgE levels were similar in children with FA versus sensitized but tolerant children, except for egg, levels of which were higher in patients with FA at ages 1 and 2 years. FA was associated with recurrent wheeze, eczema, aeroallergen sensitization, male sex, breast-feeding, and lower endotoxin exposure in year 1 but not with race/ethnicity, income, tobacco exposure, maternal stress, or early introduction of solid foods. CONCLUSIONS: Even given that this was designed to be a high-risk cohort, the cumulative incidence of FA is extremely high, especially considering the strict definition of FA that was applied and that only 3 common allergens were included. |
| File Format |
HTM / HTML |
| ISSN |
00916749 |
| e-ISSN |
10976825 |
| DOI |
10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.033 |
| Journal |
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |
| Issue Number |
1 |
| Volume Number |
135 |
| Language |
English |
| Publisher |
Elsevier |
| Publisher Date |
2015-01-01 |
| Publisher Place |
United States |
| Access Restriction |
Open |
| Subject Keyword |
Discipline Immunology Allergens Egg Hypersensitivity Epidemiology Environmental Exposure Milk Hypersensitivity Peanut Hypersensitivity Urban Population Statistics & Numerical Data Child, Preschool Cohort Studies Cytokines Immunology Blood Adverse Effects Health Status Disparities Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin G Infant Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural |
| Content Type |
Text |
| Resource Type |
Article |
| Subject |
Immunology and Allergy Immunology |
