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Lessons from X-chromosome inactivation: long ncRNA as guides and tethers to the epigenome.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Lee, Jeannie T.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Lee JT ( Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. lee@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu)
Abstract	Transcriptome studies are revealing that the eukaryotic genome actively transcribes a diverse repertoire of large noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), many of which are unannotated and distinct from the small RNAs that have garnered much attention in recent years. Why are they so pervasive, and do they have a function? X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a classic epigenetic phenomenon associated with many large ncRNAs. Here, I provide a perspective on how XCI is achieved in mice and suggest how this knowledge can be applied to the rest of the genome. Emerging data indicate that long ncRNAs can function as guides and tethers, and may be the molecules of choice for epigenetic regulation: First, unlike proteins and small RNAs, large ncRNAs remain tethered to the site of transcription, and can therefore uniquely direct allelic regulation. Second, ncRNAs command a much larger sequence space than proteins, and can therefore achieve very precise spatiotemporal control of development. These properties imply that long noncoding transcripts may ultimately rival small RNAs and proteins in their versatility as epigenetic regulators, particularly for locus- and allele-specific control.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	08909369
e-ISSN	15495477
DOI	10.1101/gad.1811209
Journal	Genes & Development
Issue Number	16
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Publisher Date	2009-08-15
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Molecular Discipline Biology__semicolon__developmental Discipline Biology__semicolon__genetics__semicolon__cell Discipline Biology Embryonic Development Genetics Epigenesis, Genetic Rna, Untranslated X Chromosome Inactivation Animals Chromosome Pairing Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Mice Rna, Antisense Rna, Long Noncoding Metabolism Silencer Elements, Transcriptional X Chromosome Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Developmental Biology

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Lessons from X-chromosome inactivation: long ncRNA as guides and tethers to the epigenome

The inactive X chromosome adopts a unique three-dimensional conformation that is dependent on Xist RNA.

Tsix transcription across the Xist gene alters chromatin conformation without affecting Xist transcription: implications for X-chromosome inactivation.

The Y3** ncRNA promotes the 3' end processing of histone mRNAs.

Diverse and pervasive subcellular distributions for both coding and long noncoding RNAs.

XIST expression and X-chromosome inactivation in human preimplantation embryos.

Control of myogenesis by rodent SINE-containing lncRNAs

A novel role for Xist RNA in the formation of a repressive nuclear compartment into which genes are recruited when silenced.

Lineage-specific function of the noncoding Tsix RNA for Xist repression and Xi reactivation in mice.

Lessons from X-chromosome inactivation: long ncRNA as guides and tethers to the epigenome.

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Lessons from X-chromosome inactivation: long ncRNA as guides and tethers to the epigenome

The inactive X chromosome adopts a unique three-dimensional conformation that is dependent on Xist RNA.

Tsix transcription across the Xist gene alters chromatin conformation without affecting Xist transcription: implications for X-chromosome inactivation.

The Y3** ncRNA promotes the 3' end processing of histone mRNAs.

Diverse and pervasive subcellular distributions for both coding and long noncoding RNAs.

XIST expression and X-chromosome inactivation in human preimplantation embryos.

Control of myogenesis by rodent SINE-containing lncRNAs

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Lineage-specific function of the noncoding Tsix RNA for Xist repression and Xi reactivation in mice.

Lessons from X-chromosome inactivation: long ncRNA as guides and tethers to the epigenome.