NDLI: Semiautomated pelvic lymph node treatment response evaluation for patients with advanced prostate cancer: based on MET-RADS-P guidelines

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Liu, Xiang Zhu, Zemin Wang, Kexin Zhang, Yaofeng Li, Jialun Wang, Xiangpeng Zhang, Xiaodong Wang, Xiaoying
Abstract	Background The evaluation of treatment response according to METastasis Reporting and Data System for Prostate Cancer (MET-RADS-P) criteria is an important but time-consuming task for patients with advanced prostate cancer (APC). A deep learning-based algorithm has the potential to assist with this assessment. Objective To develop and evaluate a deep learning-based algorithm for semiautomated treatment response assessment of pelvic lymph nodes. Methods A total of 162 patients who had undergone at least two scans for follow-up assessment after APC metastasis treatment were enrolled. A previously reported deep learning model was used to perform automated segmentation of pelvic lymph nodes. The performance of the deep learning algorithm was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and volumetric similarity (VS). The consistency of the short diameter measurement with the radiologist was evaluated using Bland–Altman plotting. Based on the segmentation of lymph nodes, the treatment response was assessed automatically with a rule-based program according to the MET-RADS-P criteria. Kappa statistics were used to assess the accuracy and consistency of the treatment response assessment by the deep learning model and two radiologists [attending radiologist (R1) and fellow radiologist (R2)]. Results The mean DSC and VS of the pelvic lymph node segmentation were 0.82 ± 0.09 and 0.88 ± 0.12, respectively. Bland–Altman plotting showed that most of the lymph node measurements were within the upper and lower limits of agreement (LOA). The accuracies of automated segmentation-based assessment were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85–0.96), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86–0.95) and 75% (95% CI: 0.46–0.92) for target lesions, nontarget lesions and nonpathological lesions, respectively. The consistency of treatment response assessment based on automated segmentation and manual segmentation was excellent for target lesions [K value: 0.92 (0.86–0.98)], good for nontarget lesions [0.82 (0.74–0.90)] and moderate for nonpathological lesions [0.71 (0.50–0.92)]. Conclusion The deep learning-based semiautomated algorithm showed high accuracy for the treatment response assessment of pelvic lymph nodes and demonstrated comparable performance with radiologists.
Related Links	https://cancerimagingjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40644-023-00523-4.pdf
Ending Page	9
Page Count	9
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14707330
DOI	10.1186/s40644-023-00523-4
Journal	Cancer Imaging
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2023-01-17
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Oncology Cancer Research Imaging Radiology Nuclear Medicine Deep learning MET-RADS-P criteria Pelvic lymph nodes Metastases DWI
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Radiological and Ultrasound Technology Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging Oncology
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.3/2023

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