NDLI: Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Newman, Tiffany M. Shively, Carol A. Register, Thomas C. Appt, Susan E. Yadav, Hariom Colwell, Rita R. Fanelli, Brian Dadlani, Manoj Graubics, Karlis Nguyen, Uyen Thao Ramamoorthy, Sivapriya Uberseder, Beth Clear, Kenysha Y. J. Wilson, Adam S. Reeves, Kimberly D. Chappell, Mark C. Tooze, Janet A. Cook, Katherine L.
Abstract	Abstract Background The objective of this study was to increase understanding of the complex interactions between diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome of adult female non-human primates (NHPs). Subjects consumed either a Western (n=15) or Mediterranean (n=14) diet designed to represent human dietary patterns for 31 months. Body composition was determined using CT, fecal samples were collected, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Gut microbiome results were grouped by diet and adiposity. Results Diet was the main contributor to gut microbiome bacterial diversity. Adiposity within each diet was associated with subtle shifts in the proportional abundance of several taxa. Mediterranean diet-fed NHPs with lower body fat had a greater proportion of Lactobacillus animalis than their higher body fat counterparts. Higher body fat Western diet-fed NHPs had more Ruminococcus champaneliensis and less Bacteroides uniformis than their low body fat counterparts. Western diet-fed NHPs had significantly higher levels of Prevotella copri than Mediterranean diet NHPs. Western diet-fed subjects were stratified by P. copri abundance (P. copriHIGH versus P. copriLOW), which was not associated with adiposity. Overall, Western diet-fed animals in the P. copriHIGH group showed greater proportional abundance of B. ovatus, B. faecis, P. stercorea, P. brevis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii than those in the Western P. copriLOW group. Western diet P. copriLOW subjects had a greater proportion of Eubacterium siraeum. E. siraeum negatively correlated with P. copri proportional abundance regardless of dietary consumption. In the Western diet group, Shannon diversity was significantly higher in P. copriLOW when compared to P. copriHIGH subjects. Furthermore, gut E. siraeum abundance positively correlated with HDL plasma cholesterol indicating that those in the P. copriLOW population may represent a more metabolically healthy population. Untargeted metabolomics on urine and plasma from Western diet-fed P. copriHIGH and P. copriLOW subjects suggest early kidney dysfunction in Western diet-fed P. copriHIGH subjects. Conclusions In summary, the data indicate diet to be the major influencer of gut bacterial diversity. However, diet and adiposity must be considered together when analyzing changes in abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Interestingly, P. copri appears to mediate metabolic dysfunction in Western diet-fed NHPs. Video abstract
Related Links	https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40168-021-01069-y.pdf
Ending Page	17
Page Count	17
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	20492618
DOI	10.1186/s40168-021-01069-y
Journal	Microbiome
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	9
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-05-05
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Medical Microbiology Bioinformatics Microbial Ecology Microbiology Microbial Genetics and Genomics Virology Prevotella copri Eubacterium siraeum Metagenomic sequencing Metabolomics Western and Mediterranean diet Body fat composition Urinary carnitine metabolites Uremic toxins
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)
Journal Impact Factor	13.8/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	17.9/2023

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