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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Chen, Wanxian Zhou, Linsa Jiang, Jingjing Chen, Jiasheng Geng, Deyi Chen, Yaokun Han, Xiaosha Xie, Qihu Guo, Genghong Chen, Xuefen Tang, Shijie Zhong, Xiaoping |
| Abstract | Background As one of the stem cell markers, chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) participates in multiple signaling pathways that affect the progression of various tumors. However, the role of CBX3 in melanoma remains unclear, and the mechanisms by which CBX3 may regulate immunotherapy outcome remain largely unknown. Methods We used the Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression portal, and Gene Expression Omnibus database to estimate CBX3 expression and its prognostic effect in melanoma. The role of CBX3 in proliferation and migration of melanoma cells were examined using the CCK8, cloning, wound healing, and transwell assays. The effect of CBX3 on melanoma tumorigenesis was assessed using an in vivo animal model. The role of CBX3 in cell cycle was examined using flow cytometry, and expression levels of cell cycle-related genes and proteins in cells with altered CBX3 levels were analyzed using qPCR and western blotting. The function of CBX3 in the immune microenvironment of melanoma was studied using single-cell RNA sequencing and public databases. Results We found that CBX3 was highly expressed in melanoma with poor prognosis. CBX3 promoted the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Functional analysis revealed that CBX3 regulates cell cycle, as it accelerated the G1 to S transition, decreased p21 expression, and increased CDK6 expression. Finally, single-cell sequencing and immune-related assays showed that CBX3 is immunogenic and can change the immune microenvironment of melanoma. Conclusions We conclude that the stem cell marker, CBX3 activates the p21/CDK6 pathway and alters the immune microenvironment in melanoma. |
| Related Links | https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13287-025-04179-8.pdf |
| Ending Page | 16 |
| Page Count | 16 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 17576512 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s13287-025-04179-8 |
| Journal | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 16 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2025-02-11 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Stem Cells Cell Biology Regenerative Medicine Tissue Engineering Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) P21/CDK6 pathway Immune microenvironment Melanoma Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Medicine Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Molecular Medicine |
| Journal Impact Factor | 7.1/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 7.9/2023 |
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