NDLI: Bronchopleural fistula secondary to smoke inhalation injury: a case report

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Zahid, Ibrahim Tahir, Roohan Sohail, Aruba Hooks, Brandon J.
Abstract	Background Bronchopleural fistula is a rare and severe condition characterized by an abnormal connection between the bronchial tree and pleural space, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Although typically resulting from surgical procedures, trauma, or pulmonary infections, bronchopleural fistula caused by smoke inhalation injury is exceptionally uncommon. Smoke inhalation can lead to extensive thermal and chemical damage to the respiratory tract, increasing the risk of infection and necrotic tissue changes that can complicate recovery. Case presentation We report a case of a 23-year-old white American male with a history of polysubstance use, who suffered extensive burn injuries and smoke inhalation following a propane explosion. Initial bronchoscopy revealed airway inflammation, erythema, and carbonaceous deposits. Despite treatment with antibiotics, the patient was readmitted with a persistent cough, productive foul-smelling sputum, and fever. Imaging and subsequent bronchoscopy revealed a right-sided bronchopleural fistula complicated by hydropneumothorax and empyema. Surgical intervention, including right lower lobectomy and intrapleural antibiotic therapy, was successful, leading to patient recovery and discharge with no recurrence at 1-month follow-up. Conclusion This case highlights a rare etiology of bronchopleural fistula due to smoke inhalation injury, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to manage this severe complication. Early imaging, bronchoscopic evaluation, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention are crucial for improved outcomes in bronchopleural fistula secondary to inhalation injuries.
Related Links	https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13256-025-05178-2.pdf
Ending Page	5
Page Count	5
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17521947
DOI	10.1186/s13256-025-05178-2
Journal	Journal of Medical Case Reports
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	19
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2025-03-17
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Medicine Public Health General Practice Family Medicine Primary Care Medicine Surgical Oncology Internal Medicine Bronchopleural fistula Smoke inhalation injury Burn injury Empyema Lobectomy Bronchoscopy Medicine/Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Case study
Subject	Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	0.9/2023

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