NDLI: Next generation of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer: new developments and challenges

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Marin-Acevedo, Julian A. Dholaria, Bhagirathbhai Soyano, Aixa E. Knutson, Keith L. Chumsri, Saranya Lou, Yanyan
Abstract	Immune checkpoints consist of inhibitory and stimulatory pathways that maintain self-tolerance and assist with immune response. In cancer, immune checkpoint pathways are often activated to inhibit the nascent anti-tumor immune response. Immune checkpoint therapies act by blocking or stimulating these pathways and enhance the body’s immunological activity against tumors. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1) are the most widely studied and recognized inhibitory checkpoint pathways. Drugs blocking these pathways are currently utilized for a wide variety of malignancies and have demonstrated durable clinical activities in a subset of cancer patients. This approach is rapidly extending beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1. New inhibitory pathways are under investigation, and drugs blocking LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, VISTA, or B7/H3 are being investigated. Furthermore, agonists of stimulatory checkpoint pathways such as OX40, ICOS, GITR, 4-1BB, CD40, or molecules targeting tumor microenvironment components like IDO or TLR are under investigation. In this article, we have provided a comprehensive review of immune checkpoint pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy, and discuss their mechanisms and the therapeutic interventions currently under investigation in phase I/II clinical trials. We also reviewed the limitations, toxicities, and challenges and outline the possible future research directions.
Related Links	https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13045-018-0582-8.pdf
Ending Page	20
Page Count	20
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17568722
DOI	10.1186/s13045-018-0582-8
Journal	Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2018-03-15
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Oncology Hematology Cancer Research Cancer Immunotherapy Tumor microenvironment Immune evasion Cytotoxic T lymphocytes Immune checkpoint therapy Co-stimulatory pathways Inhibitory pathways
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Review
Subject	Hematology Cancer Research Oncology Molecular Biology
Journal Impact Factor	29.9/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	27.1/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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