NDLI: Unraveling the patterns and pathways of local recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: evidence for individualized clinical target volume delineation

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Ou, Xiaomin Yan, Wenbin Huang, Yangle He, Xiayun Ying, Hongmei Lu, Xueguan Zhu, Hui Wu, Bin Wang, Jiazhou Hu, Chaosu
Abstract	Backgrounds Despite publication of international guidelines, there are notable controversial points of clinical target volume (CTV) delineation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recently, scholars proposed a novel way of delineation of CTV in NPC—individualization of CTV delineation based on T classification and spread patterns, which yielded excellent long-term local control with limited late toxicities. The aim of this study was to clarify the anatomic patterns and pathways of local recurrence of NPC and provide a clinical reference for the delineation of CTV. Methods A total of 869 patients with non-metastatic NPC were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) at our institution between 2009 and 2010. Among the 57 cases of local/locoregional recurrence, 52 cases with traceable radiotherapy plans and magnetic resonance imaging at the time of the first diagnosis of recurrence were included. Anatomical structures and gross tumor volume of local recurrence were contoured. The incidence of relapse of each anatomic structure, route of local recurrence, and their correlation were analyzed. Results Locally advanced disease had a significantly increased risk of recurrence in the posterior nasal cavity and a trend towards higher risk of recurrence in the clivus, lateral pterygoid muscle, and hypoglossal canal. Based on the incidence of local recurrence, we constructed a high-risk map for the early and locally advanced stages. Local recurrences were classified into five routes, where anterior extension accounted for the majority (30.8%), and caudal tumor extension pathway had the lowest incidence (5.8%). There was a significant correlation between the local recurrences of neural foramina and neighboring anatomical structures along each pathway. All cases relapsed at unilateral cavernous sinus, most at the same side of primary tumor. Based on our findings, we proposed some suggestions on delineations of CTV, based on T classification and local extension pattern. Conclusions Local recurrence of NPC varied according to T classification, followed a stepwise pattern, spread via neural foramina, and recurred at ipsilateral cavernous sinus. This provides meaningful clinical evidence for delineation of CTV, especially individualized delineation.
Related Links	https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13014-023-02199-3.pdf
Ending Page	12
Page Count	12
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
DOI	10.1186/s13014-023-02199-3
Journal	Radiation Oncology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	18
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2023-03-21
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Cancer Research Oncology Radiotherapy Imaging Radiology Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Intensity-modulated radiation therapy Clinical target volume Local recurrence
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging Oncology
Journal Impact Factor	3.3/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.6/2023

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