NDLI: The global burden of childhood diarrheal diseases attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding from 1990 to 2021: an exploratory analysis of estimates from the global burden of disease study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Wang, Shuai Zhang, Tao Wang, Kaixin Li, Dongming Cao, Xueyuan
Abstract	Background Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of the disease burden of childhood diarrhea attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding (including non-exclusive and discontinued breastfeeding) is crucial for global health policy and intervention strategies. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the global, regional, and national burden of childhood diarrheal diseases attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 to estimate deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of childhood diarrheal diseases attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding. Suboptimal breastfeeding was assessed as a combination of non-exclusive breastfeeding and discontinued breastfeeding. And the average annual percentage change (AAPC) from 1990 to 2021 was calculated to determine long-term trends. Additionally, frontier analyses were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different countries in reducing the disease burden relative to their socio-demographic index (SDI) levels. Results By 2021, the global number of deaths and DALYs attributable to childhood diarrheal diseases due to suboptimal breastfeeding was 63,133 and 573,430, respectively. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of deaths and DALYs, as well as ASMR (AAPC: -5.40) and ASDR (AAPC: -5.38), declined by approximately 80%. However, significant disparities persist across regions. Low-SDI regions, particularly in Western Sub-Saharan Africa, continued to bear the highest disease burden. At the countries or territories level, Nigeria, India, and Chad recorded the highest number of deaths and DALYs, while Chad, South Sudan, and Lesotho exhibited the highest ASMR and ASDR values. Similar patterns were observed for non-exclusive and discontinued breastfeeding, with the greatest burden concentrated in resource-limited settings. Conclusion While the global burden of childhood diarrheal diseases attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding has significantly declined over the past three decades, the disease burden remains disproportionately high in less developed regions. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health policies and interventions to promote exclusive and continued breastfeeding, especially in high-burden regions, to further reduce preventable childhood morbidity and mortality.
Related Links	https://internationalbreastfeedingjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13006-025-00713-9.pdf
Ending Page	14
Page Count	14
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17464358
DOI	10.1186/s13006-025-00713-9
Journal	International Breastfeeding Journal
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	20
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2025-03-26
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Maternal and Child Health Diarrheal diseases Breastfeeding Disability-adjusted life year Mortality Global burden of disease
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Obstetrics and Gynecology Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Journal Impact Factor	2.9/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.6/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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