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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Fernández-Buhigas, Irene Rayo, Nieves Silos, Julia Cuesta Serrano, Berta Ocón-Hernández, Olga Leung, Bo Wah Delgado, Juan Luis Fernández, David Sánchez-Nieves Valle, Silvia De Miguel, Laura Silgado, Aroa Tanoira, Ramón Perez Rolle, Valeria Santacruz, Belén Gil, Maria M. Poon, Liona C. |
| Abstract | Background While the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk is contentious, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been consistently detected in human breast milk. However, it is uncertain when and how long the antibodies are present. Methods This was a prospective cohort study including all consecutive pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, recruited at six maternity units in Spain and Hong Kong from March 2020 to March 2021. Colostrum (day of birth until day 4 postpartum) and mature milk (day 7 postpartum until 6 weeks postpartum) were prospectively collected, and paired maternal blood samples were also collected. Colostrum samples were tested with rRT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2, and skimmed acellular milk and maternal sera were tested against SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin M, A, and G reactive to receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 1 to determine the presence of immunoglobulins. Then, we examined how each immunoglobulin type in the colostrum was related to the time of infection by logistic regression analysis, the concordance between these immunoglobulins in the colostrum, maternal serum, and mature milk by Cohen's kappa statistic, and the relationship between immunoglobulin levels in mature milk and colostrum with McNemar. Results One hundred eighty-seven pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or childbirth were recruited and donated the milk and blood samples. No SARS-CoV-2 was found in the human breast milk. Immunoglobulin A, G, and M were present in 129/162 (79·6%), 5/163 (3·1%), and 15/76 (19·7%) colostrum samples and in 17/62 (27·42%), 2/62 (3·23%) and 2/62 (3·23%) mature milk samples, respectively. Immunoglobulin A was the predominant immunoglobulin found in breast milk, and its levels were significantly higher in the colostrum than in the mature milk (p-value < 0.001). We did not find that the presence of immunoglobulins in the colostrum was associated with their presence in maternal, the severity of the disease, or the time when the infection had occurred. Conclusions Since anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are found in the colostrum irrespective of the time of infection during pregnancy, but the virus itself is not detected in human breast milk, our study found no indications to withhold breastfeeding, taking contact precautions when there is active disease. |
| Related Links | https://internationalbreastfeedingjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13006-023-00605-w.pdf |
| Ending Page | 10 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 17464358 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s13006-023-00605-w |
| Journal | International Breastfeeding Journal |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 19 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2024-01-18 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Maternal and Child Health Human Breast Milk Colostrum SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Obstetrics and Gynecology Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health |
| Journal Impact Factor | 2.9/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 3.6/2023 |
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