NDLI: Acquired hydrocephalus is associated with neuroinflammation, progenitor loss, and cellular changes in the subventricular zone and periventricular white matter

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Garcia-Bonilla, Maria Castaneyra-Ruiz, Leandro Zwick, Sarah Talcott, Michael Otun, Ayodamola Isaacs, Albert M. Morales, Diego M. Limbrick, David D. McAllister, James P.
Abstract	Background Hydrocephalus is a neurological disease with an incidence of 80–125 per 100,000 births in the United States. Neuropathology comprises ventriculomegaly, periventricular white matter (PVWM) alterations, inflammation, and gliosis. We hypothesized that hydrocephalus in a pig model is associated with subventricular and PVWM cellular alterations and neuroinflammation that could mimic the neuropathology described in hydrocephalic infants. Methods Hydrocephalus was induced by intracisternal kaolin injections in 35-day old female pigs (n = 7 for tissue analysis, n = 10 for CSF analysis). Age-matched sham controls received saline injections (n = 6). After 19–40 days, MRI scanning was performed to measure the ventricular volume. Stem cell proliferation was studied in the Subventricular Zone (SVZ), and cell death and oligodendrocytes were examined in the PVWM. The neuroinflammatory reaction was studied by quantifying astrocytes and microglial cells in the PVWM, and inflammatory cytokines in the CSF. Results The expansion of the ventricles was especially pronounced in the body of the lateral ventricle, where ependymal disruption occurred. PVWM showed a 44% increase in cell death and a 67% reduction of oligodendrocytes. In the SVZ, the number of proliferative cells and oligodendrocyte decreased by 75% and 57% respectively. The decrease of the SVZ area correlated significantly with ventricular volume increase. Neuroinflammation occurred in the hydrocephalic pigs with a significant increase of astrocytes and microglia in the PVWM, and high levels of inflammatory interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 in the CSF. Conclusion The induction of acquired hydrocephalus produced alterations in the PVWM, reduced cell proliferation in the SVZ, and neuroinflammation.
Related Links	https://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12987-022-00313-3.pdf
Ending Page	18
Page Count	18
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	20458118
DOI	10.1186/s12987-022-00313-3
Journal	Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	19
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2022-02-22
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Neurosciences Hematology Neurobiology Kaolin-induced hydrocephalus Pig model Ventriculomegaly Subventricular zone reduction White matter alteration Neuroinflammation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neurology Developmental Neuroscience Medicine Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Journal Impact Factor	5.9/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	7.5/2023

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