NDLI: Accuracy deficits during robotic time-constrained reaching are related to altered prefrontal cortex activity in children with cerebral palsy

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Khan, Owais A. Singh, Tarkeshwar Barany, Deborah A. Modlesky, Christopher M.
Abstract	Background The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important node for action planning in the frontoparietal reaching network but its role in reaching in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is unexplored. This case–control study combines a robotic task with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to concurrently assess reaching accuracy and PFC activity during time-constrained, goal-directed reaching in children with CP. We hypothesized that reaching accuracy in children with CP would be lower than in typically developing children and would be related to PFC activity. Methods Fourteen children with spastic CP (5-11 y; Manual Ability Classification System level I-II) and 14 age-, sex- and arm dominance-matched typically developing controls performed seated uniplanar reaches with a robotic arm (KINARM End-Point Lab) to hit visual targets projected onto a screen. Four blocks of 10 reaching trials each were performed for each arm. Time constraint (high, low) was varied across blocks by changing the time participants had to hit the target. Results Children with CP displayed lower reaching accuracy compared to controls, with greater deficits observed in the non-preferred arm (d = 1.916, p < 0.001) than the preferred arm (d = 1.033, p = 0.011). Inter-limb differences in accuracy were observed only in children with CP (d = 0.839, p < 0.001). PFC activity differed across groups during preferred arm reaching, with PFC deactivation observed in children with CP under high time constraints compared to PFC activation in controls (d = 1.086, p = 0.006). Children with CP also exhibited lower PFC activity under high time constraint compared to low time constraint in the preferred arm (d = 0.702, p = 0.001). PFC activity was positively related to reaching accuracy across time constraints in both arms in children with CP, but not in controls. Conclusions Contrasting patterns of PFC activity observed in children with CP compared to age- and sex-matched controls during a robotic reaching task lends support for the concurrent use of fNIRS and robotics to assess goal-directed reaching in CP. Trial Registration: Data collected as part of a larger randomized controlled trial; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03484078
Related Links	https://jneuroengrehab.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12984-024-01502-x.pdf
Ending Page	15
Page Count	15
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	17430003
DOI	10.1186/s12984-024-01502-x
Journal	Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	21
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2024-12-19
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Neurosciences Neurology Rehabilitation Medicine Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Cerebral palsy Functional neuroimaging Robotics Functional near-infrared spectroscopy Prefrontal cortex Coordination Motor planning Reaching Neuroplasticity Motor control
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health Informatics Rehabilitation
Journal Impact Factor	5.2/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	5.6/2023

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
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7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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