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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Xiong, Xiaoxing Gu, Lijuan Wang, Yan Luo, Ying Zhang, Hongfei Lee, Jessica Krams, Sheri Zhu, Shengmei Zhao, Heng |
| Abstract | Background Glycyrrhizin (Gly) protects against brain injury induced by stroke. We studied whether Gly achieves its protection by inhibiting T cell activity and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release in the ischemic brain. Methods Stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats and mice. Gly was injected intraperitoneally before or after stroke. We measured infarction, neuroinflammatory cells, gene expressions of interferon-γ (IFNγ), IL-4, and IL-10 in CD4 T cells, HMGB1 release, and T cell proliferation in cultured splenocytes. Results Gly treatment reduced infarctions and neuroinflammation characterized by the infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages and myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils, which corresponds to a reduction in the number of T cells and their subsets, CD4 and CD8 T cells, in the ischemic brain, as measured by flow cytometry. Unlike in wild-type animals, Gly did not offer protection in nude rats and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice who had no T cells, while Gly reduced infarction in both nude rats and SCID mice whose T cells were reconstituted, suggesting that T cells should be the target of Gly. In addition, Gly administration inhibited T cell proliferation stimulated by ConA in in vitro assays and inhibited HMGB1 release from the ischemic brain. Furthermore, Gly attenuated gene expression of IFNγ, but not IL-4 and IL-10 in CD4 T cells. Lastly, HMGB1 promoted T cell proliferation stimulated by ConA, which was inhibited by the addition of Gly. Conclusions Gly blocks infarction by inhibiting IFNγ-mediated T cell activity, which is at least partly modulated by HMGB1 activity. |
| Related Links | https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12974-016-0705-5.pdf |
| Ending Page | 12 |
| Page Count | 12 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 17422094 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12974-016-0705-5 |
| Journal | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 13 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2016-09-08 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Neurosciences Neurology Neurobiology Immunology Cerebral ischemia Glycyrrhizin HMGB1 T cells |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Neuroscience Immunology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Neurology |
| Journal Impact Factor | 9.3/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 9.8/2023 |
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