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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Lee, Wonil Moon, Minho Kim, Hyo Geun Lee, Tae Hee Oh, Myung Sook |
| Abstract | Background Heat stress induces many pathophysiological responses and has a profound impact on brain structure. It has been demonstrated that exposure to high temperature induces cognitive impairment in experimental animals and humans. Although the effects of heat stress have long been studied, the mechanisms by which heat stress affects brain structure and cognition not well understood. Methods In our longitudinal study of mice exposed to heat over 7, 14, or 42 days, we found that heat stress time dependently impaired cognitive function as determined by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and novel object recognition tests. To elucidate the histological mechanism by which thermal stress inhibited cognitive abilities, we examined heat stress-induced inflammation in the hippocampus. Results In mice subjected to heat exposure, we found: 1) an increased number of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)- and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1)-positive cells, 2) up-regulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB, a master regulator of inflammation, and 3) marked increases in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the mouse hippocampus. We also observed that neuronal and synaptic densities were degenerated significantly in hippocampal regions after heat exposure, as determined by histological analysis of neuronal nuclei (NeuN), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin expression. Moreover, in heat-exposed mice, we found that the number of cells positive for doublecortin (DCX), a marker of neurogenesis, was significantly decreased compared with control mice. Finally, anti-inflammatory agent minocycline inhibited the heat stress-induced cognitive deficits and astogliosis in mice. Conclusions Together, these findings suggest that heat stress can lead to activation of glial cells and induction of inflammatory molecules in the hippocampus, which may act as causative factors for memory loss, neuronal death, and impaired adult neurogenesis. |
| Related Links | https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12974-015-0324-6.pdf |
| Ending Page | 13 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 17422094 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12974-015-0324-6 |
| Journal | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 12 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2015-05-23 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Neurosciences Neurology Neurobiology Immunology Heat stress Thermal stress Cognition Neuroinflammation Synaptic loss Neuronal death |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Neuroscience Immunology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Neurology |
| Journal Impact Factor | 9.3/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 9.8/2023 |
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