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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Yang, Manshi Cui, Mengying Sun, Yang Liu, Shui Jiang, Weibo |
| Abstract | Anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies exert significant antitumor effects by overcoming tumor cell immune evasion and reversing T-cell exhaustion. However, the emergence of drug resistance causes most patients to respond poorly to these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Studies have shown that insufficient T-cell infiltration, lack of PD-1 expression, deficient interferon signaling, loss of tumor antigen presentation, and abnormal lipid metabolism are all considered to be closely associated with immunotherapy resistance. To address drug resistance in tumor immunotherapy, a lot of research has concentrated on developing combination therapy strategies. Currently, ICIs such as anti-PD-1 /PD-L1 antibody combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapy have been approved for clinical treatment. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in terms of the tumor microenvironment, gut microbiota, epigenetic regulation, and co-inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. We also discuss various promising combination therapeutic strategies to address resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs, including combining these therapies with traditional Chinese medicine, non-coding RNAs, targeted therapy, other ICIs, and personalized cancer vaccines. Moreover, we focus on biomarkers that predict resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy as well as combination therapy efficacy. Finally, we suggest ways to further expand the application of immunotherapy through personalized combination strategies using biomarker systems. |
| Related Links | https://biosignaling.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12964-024-01711-w.pdf |
| Ending Page | 20 |
| Page Count | 20 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12964-024-01711-w |
| Journal | Cell Communication and Signaling |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 22 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2024-06-19 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Cell Biology Protein-Ligand Interactions Receptors Cytokines and Growth Factors Cancer Immunotherapy resistance Mechanism Combination therapy Biomarker |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Review |
| Subject | Biochemistry Cell Biology Molecular Biology |
| Journal Impact Factor | 8.2/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 8/2023 |
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