NDLI: Alveolar lipids in pulmonary disease. A review

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Agudelo, Christina W. Samaha, Ghassan Garcia-Arcos, Itsaso
Abstract	Lung lipid metabolism participates both in infant and adult pulmonary disease. The lung is composed by multiple cell types with specialized functions and coordinately acting to meet specific physiologic requirements. The alveoli are the niche of the most active lipid metabolic cell in the lung, the type 2 cell (T2C). T2C synthesize surfactant lipids that are an absolute requirement for respiration, including dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. After its synthesis and secretion into the alveoli, surfactant is recycled by the T2C or degraded by the alveolar macrophages (AM). Surfactant biosynthesis and recycling is tightly regulated, and dysregulation of this pathway occurs in many pulmonary disease processes. Alveolar lipids can participate in the development of pulmonary disease from their extracellular location in the lumen of the alveoli, and from their intracellular location in T2C or AM. External insults like smoke and pollution can disturb surfactant homeostasis and result in either surfactant insufficiency or accumulation. But disruption of surfactant homeostasis is also observed in many chronic adult diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and others. Sustained damage to the T2C is one of the postulated causes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and surfactant homeostasis is disrupted during fibrotic conditions. Similarly, surfactant homeostasis is impacted during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and infections. Bioactive lipids like eicosanoids and sphingolipids also participate in chronic lung disease and in respiratory infections. We review the most recent knowledge on alveolar lipids and their essential metabolic and signaling functions during homeostasis and during some of the most commonly observed pulmonary diseases.
Related Links	https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12944-020-01278-8.pdf
Ending Page	21
Page Count	21
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
DOI	10.1186/s12944-020-01278-8
Journal	Lipids in Health and Disease
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	19
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2020-06-03
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Lipidology Medical Biochemistry Clinical Nutrition Lungs Alveoli Surfactant IPF COPD Lipids Type 2 cells Pulmonary disease Lipid metabolism
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Review
Subject	Endocrinology Clinical Biochemistry Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Biochemistry (medical)
Journal Impact Factor	3.9/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.3/2023

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