NDLI: Association between ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors with SARS-CoV-2 transmission and mortality in India: an exploratory study

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Aggarwal, Sumit Balaji, Sivaraman Singh, Tanvi Menon, Geetha R. Mandal, Sandip Madhumathi, Jayaprakasam Mahajan, Nupur Kohli, Simran Kaur, Jasmine Singh, Harpreet Rade, Kiran Panda, Samiran
Abstract	Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious public health concern worldwide. Certain regions of the globe were severely affected in terms of prevalence and mortality than other. Although the cause for this pattern is not clearly understood, lessons learned from previous epidemics and emerging evidences suggest the major role of ecological factors like ambient air pollutants (AAP) and meteorological parameters in increased COVID-19 incidence. The present study aimed to understand the impact of these factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their associated mortality in major cities of India. Methods This study used secondary AAP, meteorological and COVID-19 data from official websites for the period January-November 2020, which were divided into Pre-lockdown (January-March 2020), Phase I (April to June 2020) and Phase II (July to November 2020) in India. After comprehensive screening, five major cities that includes 48 CPCB monitoring stations collecting daily data of ambient temperature, particulate matter PM2.5 and 10 were analysed. Spearman and Kendall’s rank correlation test was performed to understand the association between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and AAP and, meteorological variables. Similarly, case fatality rate (CFR) was determined to compute the correlation between AAP and COVID-19 related morality. Results The level of air pollutants in major cities were significantly reduced during Phase I compared to Pre-lock down and increased upon Phase II in all the cities. During the Phase II in Delhi, the strong significant positive correlation was observed between the AAP and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, in Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai AAP levels were moderate and no correlation was noticed. The relation between AT and SARS-CoV-2 transmission was inconclusive as both positive and negative correlation observed. In addition, Delhi and Kolkata showed a positive association between long-term exposure to the AAP and COVID-19 CFR. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that the particulate matter upon exceeding the satisfactory level serves as an important cofactor in increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and related mortality. These findings would help public health experts to understand the SARS-CoV-2 transmission against ecological variables in India and provides supporting evidence to healthcare policymakers and government agencies for formulating strategies to combat the COVID-19.
Related Links	https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12940-021-00804-0.pdf
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
DOI	10.1186/s12940-021-00804-0
Journal	Environmental Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	20
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-11-19
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Occupational Medicine Industrial Medicine Public Health Environmental Health COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 transmission Air pollutants Meteorological Parameters Mortality India Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Journal Impact Factor	5.4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	6.7/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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