NDLI: Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli Fatollahi, Amir Sheykholeslami, Ali Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos Akrami, Mohammad
Abstract	Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the activities of selected lower limb muscles in individuals with OPF compared with healthy controls. Methods Sixty recreational adult male runners with over-pronated feet (foot posture index > 10) were divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Participants ran barefoot at a pre-defined speed (⁓3.3 m/s) over level stable ground both before and after long-term training on the sand. Muscle activities were recorded using a surface bipolar electromyography system. Results For the intervention group, we found a reduced foot posture index (p < 0.001; d = 2.00) and significant group-by-time interactions for gluteus medius activity during the mid-stance phase (p < 0.028; d = 0.59). Significantly higher gluteus medius activity (p = 0.028, d = 0.569) was found during the post-test. We also observed significant group-by-time interactions for medial gastrocnemius activity during the push-off phase (p < 0.041; d = 0.54). Significantly larger medial gastrocnemius activity (p = 0.041; d = 0.636) was found during the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusions Long-term running on sand resulted in reduced pronation, increased medial gastrocnemius activity, and improved frontal plane pelvic stability due to higher gluteus medius activity. Trial registration: IRCT20191211045704N1. Registered 25 February 2020. Retrospectively registered.
Related Links	https://biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12938-021-00955-8.pdf
Ending Page	18
Page Count	18
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
DOI	10.1186/s12938-021-00955-8
Journal	BioMedical Engineering OnLine
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	20
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-11-27
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biomaterials Biotechnology Biomedical Engineering Flat feet Lower limb mechanics Unstable walkway Electromyography Running Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomaterials Radiological and Ultrasound Technology Biomedical Engineering Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Journal Impact Factor	2.9/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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