| Author |
Rispe, Claude Legeai, Fabrice Nabity, Paul D. Fernández, Rosa Arora, Arinder K. Baa-Puyoulet, Patrice Banfill, Celeste R. Bao, Leticia Barberà, Miquel Bouallègue, Maryem Bretaudeau, Anthony Brisson, Jennifer A. Calevro, Federica Capy, Pierre Catrice, Olivier Chertemps, Thomas Couture, Carole Delière, Laurent Douglas, Angela E. Dufault-Thompson, Keith Escuer, Paula Feng, Honglin Forneck, Astrid Gabaldón, Toni Guigó, Roderic Hilliou, Frédérique Hinojosa-Alvarez, Silvia Hsiao, Yi-min Hudaverdian, Sylvie Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle James, Edward B. Johnston, Spencer Joubard, Benjamin Le Goff, Gaëlle Le Trionnaire, Gaël Librado, Pablo Liu, Shanlin Lombaert, Eric Lu, Hsiao-ling Maïbèche, Martine Makni, Mohamed Marcet-Houben, Marina Martínez-Torres, David Meslin, Camille Montagné, Nicolas Moran, Nancy A. Papura, Daciana Parisot, Nicolas Rahbé, Yvan Lopes, Mélanie Ribeiro Ripoll-Cladellas, Aida Robin, Stéphanie Roques, Céline Roux, Pascale Rozas, Julio Sánchez-Gracia, Alejandro Sánchez-Herrero, Jose F. Santesmasses, Didac Scatoni, Iris Serre, Rémy-Félix Tang, Ming Tian, Wenhua Umina, Paul A. van Munster, Manuella Vincent-Monégat, Carole Wemmer, Joshua Wilson, Alex C. C. Zhang, Ying Zhao, Chaoyang Zhao, Jing Zhao, Serena Zhou, Xin Delmotte, François Tagu, Denis |
| Abstract |
Background Although native to North America, the invasion of the aphid-like grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae across the globe altered the course of grape cultivation. For the past 150 years, viticulture relied on grafting-resistant North American Vitis species as rootstocks, thereby limiting genetic stocks tolerant to other stressors such as pathogens and climate change. Limited understanding of the insect genetics resulted in successive outbreaks across the globe when rootstocks failed. Here we report the 294-Mb genome of D. vitifoliae as a basic tool to understand host plant manipulation, nutritional endosymbiosis, and enhance global viticulture. Results Using a combination of genome, RNA, and population resequencing, we found grape phylloxera showed high duplication rates since its common ancestor with aphids, but similarity in most metabolic genes, despite lacking obligate nutritional symbioses and feeding from parenchyma. Similarly, no enrichment occurred in development genes in relation to viviparity. However, phylloxera evolved > 2700 unique genes that resemble putative effectors and are active during feeding. Population sequencing revealed the global invasion began from the upper Mississippi River in North America, spread to Europe and from there to the rest of the world. Conclusions The grape phylloxera genome reveals genetic architecture relative to the evolution of nutritional endosymbiosis, viviparity, and herbivory. The extraordinary expansion in effector genes also suggests novel adaptations to plant feeding and how insects induce complex plant phenotypes, for instance galls. Finally, our understanding of the origin of this invasive species and its genome provide genetics resources to alleviate rootstock bottlenecks restricting the advancement of viticulture. |
